Origin and Role of Testicular Macrophages in Testis Development, Steroidogenesis, and Spermatogenesis.

Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-65944-7_5

Rafal P Piprek, Malgorzata Kloc, Klaudia Porebska, Paulina C Mizia, Izabela Rams-Pociecha, Jacek Z Kubiak

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Abstract

Testicular macrophages are the principal immune cells in the testis. In addition to their classical immune roles, they regulate male hormone synthesis by Leydig cells, regeneration of Leydig cells, spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation, maintenance of testis-specific environment for sperm formation, and testis development. The juvenile and adult testes contain two distinct macrophage populations with unique tissue localization, genetic markers, morphology, and function. The interstitial macrophages are physically and functionally connected to Leydig cells, while the peritubular macrophages localize around the seminiferous tubules and are crucial for spermatogonia differentiation. Macrophages in the fetal testes regulate testis vasculature formation and clearance of mislocated cells. The origin of testicular macrophages is unclear. Some studies suggest their origin from the yolk sac and others from the bone marrow-derived monocytes. We discuss this issue at the end of this review article.

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睾丸巨噬细胞在睾丸发育、类固醇生成和精子生成中的起源和作用

睾丸巨噬细胞是睾丸的主要免疫细胞。除了传统的免疫作用外，它们还能调节 Leydig 细胞的雄性激素合成、Leydig 细胞的再生、精原细胞的增殖和分化、精子形成所需的睾丸特异性环境的维持以及睾丸的发育。幼年和成年睾丸含有两种不同的巨噬细胞群，它们具有独特的组织定位、遗传标记、形态和功能。间质巨噬细胞在物理和功能上与莱迪格细胞相连，而管周巨噬细胞则分布在曲细精管周围，对精原细胞的分化至关重要。胎儿睾丸中的巨噬细胞可调节睾丸血管的形成并清除错位细胞。睾丸巨噬细胞的起源尚不清楚。一些研究表明它们来源于卵黄囊，另一些则来源于骨髓单核细胞。我们将在这篇综述文章的最后讨论这个问题。

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Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Developmental Biology

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1.90

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期刊介绍： Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation is an up-to-date book series that presents and explores selected questions of cell and developmental biology. Each volume focuses on a single, well-defined topic. Reviews address basic questions and phenomena, but also provide concise information on the most recent advances. Together, the volumes provide a valuable overview of this exciting and dynamically expanding field.

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