A Matter of Memory? Age-Invariant Relative Clause Disambiguation and Memory Interference in Older Adults.

IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1111/tops.12753
Willem S van Boxtel, Laurel A Lawyer
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Abstract

Past research suggests that Working Memory plays a role in determining relative clause attachment bias. Disambiguation preferences may further depend on Processing Speed and explicit memory demands in linguistic tasks. Given that Working Memory and Processing Speed decline with age, older adults offer a way of investigating the factors underlying disambiguation preferences. Additionally, older adults might be subject to more severe similarity-based memory interference given their larger vocabularies and slower lexical access. Nevertheless, memory interference and sentence disambiguation have not been combined in studies on older adults before. We used a self-paced reading paradigm under memory load interference conditions. Older (n = 30) and Younger (n = 35) readers took part in the study online; reading times were recorded and measures of comprehension accuracy and load recall were collected. This setup allowed for the implicit measurement of attachment biases and memory interference effects interactively. Results show that similarity-based interference affected both age groups equally, but was more pronounced in NP2-biased structures, which took participants generally longer to read. Attachment preferences did not differ by group and were unaffected by Working Memory span. However, accuracy on recall prompts was predicted by Working Memory span in both groups. Findings of greater interference in syntactically dispreferred structures support unified processing models where parsing constraints naturally interact. The lack of age differences on our measures further aligns with research finding age-invariant implicit language processing.

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记忆问题?不随年龄变化的相对句歧义和老年人的记忆干扰。
过去的研究表明,工作记忆在决定相对从句附着偏向方面起着一定的作用。消歧偏好可能进一步取决于语言任务中的处理速度和显性记忆要求。鉴于工作记忆和处理速度会随着年龄的增长而下降,老年人为研究消歧偏好的基础因素提供了一种方法。此外,老年人的词汇量较大,词汇访问速度较慢,因此他们可能会受到更严重的基于相似性的记忆干扰。然而,记忆干扰和句子消歧以前从未在针对老年人的研究中结合过。我们在记忆负荷干扰条件下使用了自定步调阅读范式。老年读者(n = 30)和青年读者(n = 35)参加了在线研究;我们记录了阅读时间,并收集了理解准确性和负荷回忆的测量数据。通过这种设置,可以对依恋偏差和记忆干扰效应进行交互式隐性测量。结果表明,基于相似性的干扰对两个年龄组的人都有同样的影响,但在 NP2 偏向结构中更为明显,参与者一般需要更长的时间来阅读。各年龄组的依恋偏好没有差异,也不受工作记忆跨度的影响。然而,在两个组别中,工作记忆跨度都会影响回忆提示的准确性。研究结果表明,句法偏好结构的干扰更大,这支持了统一加工模型,在该模型中,解析约束自然会相互作用。我们的测量结果没有年龄差异,这与研究发现的与年龄无关的内隐语言加工进一步吻合。
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来源期刊
Topics in Cognitive Science
Topics in Cognitive Science PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
52
期刊介绍: Topics in Cognitive Science (topiCS) is an innovative new journal that covers all areas of cognitive science including cognitive modeling, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive anthropology, and cognitive science and philosophy. topiCS aims to provide a forum for: -New communities of researchers- New controversies in established areas- Debates and commentaries- Reflections and integration The publication features multiple scholarly papers dedicated to a single topic. Some of these topics will appear together in one issue, but others may appear across several issues or develop into a regular feature. Controversies or debates started in one issue may be followed up by commentaries in a later issue, etc. However, the format and origin of the topics will vary greatly.
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