A rare case of teratoma in the right atrium: A case report study.

Abstract

Introduction: Teratomas are neoplasms originating from embryonic tissues, characterized by a diverse composition of cells from all three germ layers in varying ratios. Rarely reported in the heart, we present here a rare case of a teratoma in the right atrium of a newborn.

Case presentation: A 20-h-old newborn was referred for a mild heart murmur. An echocardiogram revealed a 6 × 9 mm mass in the right atrium, attached to the interatrial septum. The mass caused mild tricuspid regurgitation without any significant pressure gradient. Surgery to remove the mass was successful. Pathological examination confirmed the mass as a teratoma. The child was discharged in excellent health and has had normal follow-up exams.

Discussion: Mature teratomas, a common type of germ cell tumor, are rare in the mediastinum, accounting for 10-15 % of mediastinal masses. These tumors arise from displaced primordial germ cells, which may become malignant. They can metastasize to the heart via various routes, causing symptoms like cough, dyspnea, and chest pain due to compression of mediastinal structures. Severe cases may lead to superior vena cava syndrome or hemoptysis. Tumor location influences clinical presentation, with some posing life-threatening risks.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and intervention were crucial in preventing severe complications. This case emphasizes the importance of vigilant clinical evaluation and timely surgical management for infants presenting with cardiac symptoms.