Uterine leiomyoma in a 16-year-old young adolescent from Northen Tanzania: A rare case report and review of current literature.

Abstract

Introduction and importance: Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are benign mesenchymal tumors, which represent the most common tumors of the female genital tract. Their occurrence in pediatric and adolescent populations is uncommon, and relatively few cases have been documented in the literature, particularly in lower-resourced settings. This case highlights the importance of recognizing that although uncommon, fibroids can occur in much younger populations. Also highlights the need for healthcare practitioners in resource-limited environments to be vigilant in considering leiomyoma in differential diagnoses, even in younger patients, and to adapt their treatment approach given the constraints of local healthcare systems.

Case presentation: Here we present an uncommon case of uterine leiomyoma in a 16-year-old female from Northern Tanzania. She presented with lower abdominal pain associated with abdominal distension, prolonged menses, headache, and anemia. Transvaginal US and pelvic MRI were performed and revealed an enlarged uterus with a heterogeneous mass in the posterolateral uterine wall. Myomectomy was performed, and post-operative recovery was uneventful. The final histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis of intramural uterine leiomyoma.

Clinical discussion: In this report, we discuss the rarity of this condition, the literature surrounding similar reports, and the many challenges that arise in the management of leiomyoma in a young adolescent population.

Conclusion: Uterine leiomyomas should be considered as a differential diagnosis in pediatric and adolescent females presenting with a pelvic mass and abdominal pain. Though there are no specific guidelines for treatment, management of leiomyomas in this age group, should be conservative and based on symptom severity with the goal of preserving fertility.This case underscores the need for more research and awareness of uterine leiomyomas in adolescents to improve understanding and management of this rare condition in this age group, particularly in regions like Northern Tanzania where access to healthcare may be limited.