Mechanisms and implications of IgG4 responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other repeatedly administered vaccines

IF 14.3 1区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106317
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Abstract

Vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) profiles can vary with respect to the predominant subclasses that characterize the response. Among IgG subclasses, IgG4 is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, but can also exhibit reduced capacity for virus neutralization and activation of Fc-dependent effector functions. Here, we review evidence that IgG4 subclass responses can be disproportionately increased in response to some types of vaccines targeting an array of diseases, including pertussis, HIV, malaria, and COVID-19. The basis for enhanced IgG4 induction by vaccines is poorly understood but may be associated with platform- or dose regimen–specific differences in antigen exposure and/or cytokine stimulation. The clinical implications of vaccine-induced IgG4 responses remain uncertain, though collective evidence suggests that proportional increases in IgG4 might reduce vaccine antigen-specific immunity. Additional work is needed to determine underlying mechanisms and to elucidate what role IgG4 may play in modifications of vaccine-induced immunity to disease.
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IgG4 对 SARS-CoV-2 和其他重复接种疫苗的反应机制和影响。
疫苗诱导的免疫球蛋白 G (IgG) 可因反应的主要亚类而有所不同。据报道,在 IgG 亚类中,IgG4 具有抗炎特性,但也会表现出中和病毒和激活 Fc 依赖性效应器功能的能力下降。在此,我们回顾了一些证据,这些证据表明,在接种某些类型的疫苗时,IgG4 亚类的反应会不成比例地增加,这些疫苗针对的疾病包括百日咳、艾滋病、疟疾和 COVID-19。疫苗诱导 IgG4 增高的原因尚不清楚,但可能与抗原暴露和/或细胞因子刺激的平台或剂量方案特异性差异有关。疫苗诱导的 IgG4 反应对临床的影响仍不确定,但有综合证据表明,IgG4 的比例增加可能会降低疫苗抗原特异性免疫力。还需要做更多的工作来确定潜在的机制,并阐明 IgG4 在改变疫苗诱导的疾病免疫中可能扮演的角色。
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来源期刊
Journal of Infection
Journal of Infection 医学-传染病学
CiteScore
45.90
自引率
3.20%
发文量
475
审稿时长
16 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Infection publishes original papers on all aspects of infection - clinical, microbiological and epidemiological. The Journal seeks to bring together knowledge from all specialties involved in infection research and clinical practice, and present the best work in the ever-changing field of infection. Each issue brings you Editorials that describe current or controversial topics of interest, high quality Reviews to keep you in touch with the latest developments in specific fields of interest, an Epidemiology section reporting studies in the hospital and the general community, and a lively correspondence section.
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