Cuticle ultrastructure of the Early Devonian trigonotarbid arachnid Palaeocharinus

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI:10.1016/j.asd.2024.101392
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Abstract

The cuticle is a key evolutionary innovation that played a crucial role in arthropod terrestrialization. Extensive research has elucidated the chemical and structural composition of the cuticle in extant arthropods, while fossil studies have further informed our understanding of cuticle evolution. This study examines the three-dimensionally preserved cuticular structure of the Early Devonian trigonotarbid arachnid genus Palaeocharinus, from the Rhynie chert of Scotland (∼408 Ma). Trigonotarbids, an extinct group of tetrapulmonate arachnids, are among the earliest known unequivocally terrestrial arthropods, and thus may shed light on the evolution of terrestriality. Using high-resolution Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), we reveal detailed morphological features at the nanometre level. The external cuticle surface of Palaeocharinus is characterized by polygonal scales, sensilla, and small pores identified as the openings of dermal glands and wax canals. Internally, the cuticle exhibits polygonal clusters of pore canals, through which wax was transported from the epidermis to the cuticular surface. The pore canals twist along their vertical axes, reflecting the "twisted plywood" or Bouligand arrangement of chitin-protein microfibril planes characteristic of modern arthropod cuticles. Overall, the cuticle of Palaeocharinus is characteristically thick relative to those of other extinct and extant chelicerates, such thickening being a possible adaptation to terrestrial life.

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早泥盆世三疣蛛形纲动物 Palaeocharinus 的角质层超微结构。
角质层是一种关键的进化创新,在节肢动物的陆地化过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。广泛的研究阐明了现生节肢动物角质层的化学和结构组成,而化石研究则进一步加深了我们对角质层进化的理解。本研究考察了苏格兰Rhynie赭石(∼408 Ma)中早泥盆世三趾蛛属Palaeocharinus的三维保存角质层结构。Trigonotarbids是已灭绝的四足蛛形纲动物,是已知最早的明确陆生节肢动物之一,因此可能揭示了陆生动物的进化过程。利用高分辨率激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(CLSM),我们揭示了纳米级的详细形态特征。Palaeocharinus的外部角质层表面具有多角形鳞片、感觉器和小孔,这些小孔被确定为真皮腺体和蜡道的开口。角质层内部有多角形的孔道群,蜡通过这些孔道从表皮输送到角质层表面。孔道沿垂直轴扭曲,反映了现代节肢动物角质层特有的几丁质-蛋白质微纤维平面的 "扭曲胶合板 "或布利甘排列。总体而言,与其他已灭绝的和现存的螯足类动物相比,Palaeocharinus 的角质层非常厚,这种增厚可能是对陆生生活的一种适应。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
54
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Arthropod Structure & Development is a Journal of Arthropod Structural Biology, Development, and Functional Morphology; it considers manuscripts that deal with micro- and neuroanatomy, development, biomechanics, organogenesis in particular under comparative and evolutionary aspects but not merely taxonomic papers. The aim of the journal is to publish papers in the areas of functional and comparative anatomy and development, with an emphasis on the role of cellular organization in organ function. The journal will also publish papers on organogenisis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and organ or tissue regeneration and repair. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of microanatomy and development are encouraged.
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