James R. Otieno, Christopher Ruis, Anyebe B. Onoja, Krutika Kuppalli, Ana Hoxha, Andreas Nitsche, Annika Brinkmann, Janine Michel, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka, Muntasir Mohammed Osman, Hanadi Hussein, Muhammad Ali Raja, Richard Fotsing, Belinda L. Herring, Mory Keita, Jairo Mendez Rico, Lionel Gresh, Amal Barakat, Victoria Katawera, Karen Nahapetyan, Dhamari Naidoo, R. Andres Floto, Jane Cunningham, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, Rosamund Lewis, Lorenzo Subissi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is endemic in Western and Central Africa and, in May 2022, a clade IIb lineage (B.1) caused a global outbreak outside Africa, resulting in its detection in 116 countries/territories. To understand the global phylogenetics of MPXV, we analysed all available MPXV sequences, including 10,670 sequences from 65 countries collected between 1958 and 2024. Our analysis reveals high mobility of clade I viruses within Central Africa, sustained human-to-human transmission of clade IIb lineage A viruses within the Eastern Mediterranean region, and distinct mutational signatures that can distinguish sustained human-to-human from animal-to-animal transmission. Moreover, distinct clade I sequences from Sudan suggest local MPXV circulation in areas of Eastern Africa over the past four decades. Our study underscores the importance of genomic surveillance in tracking spatiotemporal dynamics of MXPV clades and the need to strengthen such surveillance, including in some parts of Eastern Africa.
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