Sanju Koirala, Gracie Grimsrud, Michael A. Mooney, Bart Larsen, Eric Feczko, Jed T. Elison, Steven M. Nelson, Joel T. Nigg, Brenden Tervo-Clemmens, Damien A. Fair
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Extensive investigations spanning multiple levels of inquiry, from genetic to behavioural studies, have sought to unravel the mechanistic foundations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with the aspiration of developing efficacious treatments for this condition. Despite these efforts, the pathogenesis of ADHD remains elusive. In this Review, we reflect on what has been learned about ADHD while also providing a framework that may serve as a roadmap for future investigations. We emphasize that ADHD is a highly heterogeneous disorder with multiple aetiologies that necessitates a multifactorial dimensional phenotype, rather than a fixed dichotomous conceptualization. We highlight new findings that suggest a more brain-wide, ‘global’ view of the disorder, rather than the traditional localizationist framework, which asserts that a limited set of brain regions or networks underlie ADHD. Last, we underscore how underpowered studies that have aimed to associate neurobiology with ADHD phenotypes have long precluded the field from making progress. However, a new age of ADHD research with refined phenotypes, advanced methods, creative study designs and adequately powered investigations is beginning to put the field on a good footing. Indeed, the field is at a promising juncture to advance the neurobiological understanding of ADHD and fulfil the promise of clinical utility. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that is poorly understood at a neurobiological level. In this Review, Fair and colleagues examine studies of ADHD neurobiology and provide a perspective on how the field may move forward.
期刊介绍:
Nature Reviews Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary journal that covers various fields within neuroscience, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the central nervous system. Advances in molecular, developmental, and cognitive neuroscience, facilitated by powerful experimental techniques and theoretical approaches, have made enduring neurobiological questions more accessible. Nature Reviews Neuroscience serves as a reliable and accessible resource, addressing the breadth and depth of modern neuroscience. It acts as an authoritative and engaging reference for scientists interested in all aspects of neuroscience.