Edvania Emannuelle Pinheiro Santos, Maria Lorena de Oliveira Andrade, Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento, Samuel Paulo Cibulski, Harley da Silva Alves
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The search for effective cancer therapies highlights saponins, natural plant-derived compounds, as promising anticancer agents. These compounds induce apoptosis in cancer cells by activating caspases, essential enzymes for cell death. For example, Soyasapogenol B from Glycine max and Astragaloside IV from Astragalus membranaceus effectively trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, saponins, such as Compound K from American ginseng and Saikosaponin from Bupleurum falcatum, affect extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, including mitochondrial release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-9. Ziyuglycoside II also acts on both pathways and activates the ROS/JNK pathway. Understanding these mechanisms provides promising prospects for developing more specific and safer anticancer therapies. The review utilized the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. It was found that original articles and reviews from journals indexed in these sources emphasized the antitumor capabilities of saponins and discussed their role in apoptosis induction and caspase activation. The activation of caspases by saponins in the apoptotic pathway involves two main pathways: the extrinsic pathway is initiated by external signals that activate caspase-8, while the intrinsic pathway starts with internal stimuli, causing the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-9. These pathways both lead to the activation of effector caspases (caspases 3, 6, and 7), culminating in apoptosis, an essential process for maintaining cellular balance and eliminating damaged cells. Identifying saponins in the context of cancer and their mechanisms of action is an ever-evolving field. Future research may lead to more targeted and personalized therapies, highlighting the collaboration between basic and clinical research in this promising area of medicine.
在寻找有效癌症疗法的过程中,皂苷--天然植物提取的化合物--成为了很有前景的抗癌剂。这些化合物通过激活细胞死亡所必需的酶--caspases,诱导癌细胞凋亡。例如,最大甘氨酸中的大豆皂苷 B 和黄芪中的黄芪皂苷 IV 能有效诱导癌细胞凋亡。此外,皂苷,如西洋参中的化合物 K 和柴胡中的 Saikosaponin,会影响外在和内在途径,包括线粒体释放细胞色素 C 和激活 caspase-9。Ziyuglycoside II 也作用于这两种途径,并激活 ROS/JNK 途径。了解这些机制为开发更具特异性和更安全的抗癌疗法提供了广阔的前景。本综述利用了 ScienceDirect、PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库。结果发现,这些数据库收录的期刊中的原创文章和评论都强调了皂苷的抗肿瘤能力,并讨论了皂苷在诱导细胞凋亡和激活 caspase 方面的作用。皂苷在细胞凋亡途径中对 caspase 的激活涉及两个主要途径:外在途径由外部信号启动,激活 caspase-8,而内在途径则始于内部刺激,导致细胞色素 c 的释放和 caspase-9 的激活。这两种途径都会导致效应 caspase(caspase 3、6 和 7)的激活,最终导致细胞凋亡,而细胞凋亡是维持细胞平衡和清除受损细胞的重要过程。确定癌症中的皂素及其作用机制是一个不断发展的领域。未来的研究可能会带来更有针对性和个性化的疗法,这也凸显了基础研究和临床研究在这一前景广阔的医学领域的合作。
期刊介绍:
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry is a forum for the review of areas of keen and topical interest to medicinal chemists and others in the allied disciplines. Each issue is solely devoted to a specific topic, containing six to nine reviews, which provide the reader a comprehensive survey of that area. A Guest Editor who is an expert in the topic under review, will assemble each issue. The scope of Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry will cover all areas of medicinal chemistry, including current developments in rational drug design, synthetic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, compound diversity measurements, drug absorption, drug distribution, metabolism, new and emerging drug targets, natural products, pharmacogenomics, and structure-activity relationships. Medicinal chemistry is a rapidly maturing discipline. The study of how structure and function are related is absolutely essential to understanding the molecular basis of life. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry aims to contribute to the growth of scientific knowledge and insight, and facilitate the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents to treat debilitating human disorders. The journal is essential for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important advances.