Association of Spouses' Sensory Loss with Depressive Symptoms, Self-Reported Health, and Functional Disability Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate cross-sectional associations between spouses' sensory loss and depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and functional disability.

Methods: We included 10,410 individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used the cross-sectional design and determined hearing loss, vision loss, and dual sensory loss by self-reports. We assessed depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We assessed self-reported health status using one item. Functional disability was defined as having difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).

Results: Individuals with spouses' dual sensory loss had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (45.19%), ADL (17.31%), and IADL impairments (21.97%) and a lower rate of self-rated good health (20.78%) than those with no or single loss. Spouse's sensory loss was associated with depressive symptoms, self-rated health, ADL, and IADL impairments (p < .05). Husbands' ADL impairments were associated with wives' vision loss (p < .05). Wives' IADL impairments were associated with husbands' hearing loss (p < .05).

Conclusions: Spouses' sensory loss was related to depressive symptoms, self-rated health, ADL, and IADL impairments. There was a gender specificity in the effect of spousal vision loss or hearing loss on ADL and IADL impairments.