Introductory Review of Soft Implantable Bioelectronics Using Conductive and Functional Hydrogels and Hydrogel Nanocomposites.

IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI:10.3390/gels10100614
San Kim, Yumin Shin, Jaewon Han, Hye Jin Kim, Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
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Abstract

Interfaces between implantable bioelectrodes and tissues provide critical insights into the biological and pathological conditions of targeted organs, aiding diagnosis and treatment. While conventional bioelectronics, made from rigid materials like metals and silicon, have been essential for recording signals and delivering electric stimulation, they face limitations due to the mechanical mismatch between rigid devices and soft tissues. Recently, focus has shifted toward soft conductive materials, such as conductive hydrogels and hydrogel nanocomposites, known for their tissue-like softness, biocompatibility, and potential for functionalization. This review introduces these materials and provides an overview of recent advances in soft hydrogel nanocomposites for implantable electronics. It covers material strategies for conductive hydrogels, including both intrinsically conductive hydrogels and hydrogel nanocomposites, and explores key functionalization techniques like biodegradation, bioadhesiveness, injectability, and self-healing. Practical applications of these materials in implantable electronics are also highlighted, showcasing their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Finally, we discuss emerging technologies and future needs for chronically implantable bioelectronics, offering insights into the evolving landscape of this field.

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使用导电和功能性水凝胶及水凝胶纳米复合材料的软植入式生物电子学介绍性综述。
植入式生物电极与组织之间的界面为了解目标器官的生物和病理状况提供了重要信息,有助于诊断和治疗。传统的生物电子器件由金属和硅等刚性材料制成,对于记录信号和提供电刺激至关重要,但由于刚性器件与软组织之间的机械不匹配,它们面临着局限性。最近,研究重点转向了软性导电材料,如导电水凝胶和水凝胶纳米复合材料,它们以类似组织的柔软性、生物相容性和功能化潜力而著称。本综述介绍了这些材料,并概述了用于植入式电子器件的软水凝胶纳米复合材料的最新进展。它涵盖了导电水凝胶的材料策略,包括内在导电水凝胶和水凝胶纳米复合材料,并探讨了生物降解、生物粘附性、可注射性和自愈合等关键功能化技术。我们还重点介绍了这些材料在植入式电子设备中的实际应用,展示了它们在现实世界中的有效性。最后,我们讨论了慢性植入式生物电子学的新兴技术和未来需求,为这一领域不断发展的前景提供了见解。
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来源期刊
Gels
Gels POLYMER SCIENCE-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
19.60%
发文量
707
审稿时长
11 weeks
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