Treatments for Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.

IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology Pub Date : 2024-05-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1055/s-0044-1786046
Esmaeil Mehraeen, Soudabeh Yarmohammadi, Pegah Mirzapour, Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Soheil Dehghani, Leila Molaeipour, Ayoob Molla, Elaheh Karimi, Faeze Abbaspour, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
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Abstract

Introduction  Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has emerged as a notable symptom among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, with its prevalence varying among different populations. Recognizing the need to provide therapeutic solutions for these individuals, the present study seeks to comprehensively review the current evidence on potential underlying mechanisms and treatment modalities to manage OD in COVID-19 patients. Objective  To review the recent evidence on treatments for OD in COVID-19. From the beginning of the study until August 2nd, 2023, we conducted a systematic search on four electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, to find relevant publications. Data Synthesis  In the present study, 37 articles were selected for data extraction and included in the final review. The total number of patients was of 3,560 (2,098 female and 1,462 male subjects). The predominant disorders reported were hyposmia, anosmia, and parosmia. In most of the studies, the pre and postintervention assessments were the same, except for one study, in which the pre-intervention assessment of the disorder was through the SST, Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST), and the post-intervention assessment was through the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). The findings suggest olfactory training (OT), ivermectin, palmitoylethanolamide, luteolin, and systemic corticosteroids, in combination with topical corticosteroids, are potential therapies for COVID-19 patients with olfactory impairment. Conclusion  Although the review suggested several medications for OD treatment, further research must delve into the specific impact of OT, a non-pharmacological modality, regarding the mitigation of OD. By continuing to investigate and refine these therapeutic approaches, we can better support COVID-19 patients and improve their quality of life while navigating the challenges posed by OD.

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治疗 COVID-19 嗅觉功能障碍:系统回顾。
引言 嗅觉功能障碍(OD)已成为冠状病毒病 2019(COVID-19)患者的一个显著症状,其发病率因人群而异。本研究认识到为这些患者提供治疗方案的必要性,旨在全面回顾有关潜在潜在机制和治疗方法的现有证据,以控制 COVID-19 患者的嗅觉障碍。目的 回顾 COVID-19 患者 OD 治疗的最新证据。从研究开始到 2023 年 8 月 2 日,我们在 PubMed、Scopus、Embase 和 Web of Science 四个电子数据库中进行了系统检索,以查找相关出版物。数据综述 本研究共选取了 37 篇文章进行数据提取,并纳入最终综述。患者总数为 3,560 人(其中女性 2,098 人,男性 1,462 人)。报告的主要病症是嗅觉减退、嗅觉缺失和嗅觉减退。在大多数研究中,干预前和干预后的评估是相同的,只有一项研究例外,其中干预前的失调评估是通过嗅棒测试(SST)进行的,干预后的评估是通过视觉模拟量表(VAS)和 22 项鼻窦结果测试(SNOT-22)进行的。研究结果表明,嗅觉训练 (OT)、伊维菌素、棕榈酰乙醇酰胺、木犀草素和全身性皮质类固醇与局部皮质类固醇相结合,是治疗 COVID-19 患者嗅觉障碍的潜在疗法。结论 虽然综述提出了几种治疗嗅觉障碍的药物,但进一步的研究必须深入探讨 OT 这种非药物疗法对缓解嗅觉障碍的具体影响。通过继续研究和改进这些治疗方法,我们可以更好地支持 COVID-19 患者,在应对 OD 带来的挑战的同时提高他们的生活质量。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
84
审稿时长
12 weeks
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