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Obstructive Salivary Gland Disorders - A Malaysian Patient Series. 阻塞性唾液腺疾病--马来西亚患者系列。
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786833
Sethu Thakachy Subha, Malina Osman, Prepageran Narayanan

Introduction  Obstructive salivary gland disease is a frequently encountered clinical entity that can present to various health practitioners. Obstructive sialadenitis can lead to recurrent infections and debilitating quality-of-life issues. Objective  There is a paucity of published data regarding obstructive salivary disorders among the multiracial Asian population. The present study aimed to determine the demographic pattern and risk factors of obstructive salivary gland disorders with the goal of better management of this condition. Methods  A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary institution over a period of 5 years. Results  A total of 256 (9.84 for every 1,000) patients were found to have salivary disorders, 10% of who were diagnosed to have obstructive disorder. Among the obstructive salivary disorders, 76% had sialolithiasis, 19% had recurrent parotitis, and 1 patient had chronic sialadenitis. We observed a small female preponderance for obstructive salivary disorders. This study revealed that smoking is a significant risk factor ( p  = 0.041; prevalence ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval 1.12-5.78), and smokers were 2.5 times more likely to develop obstructive salivary disorders. There was no statistical correlation between the prevalence and other risk factors like infection, dehydration, intake of medications, history of diabetes mellitus, radiotherapy, and autoimmune disorders. Conclusion  Our study results demonstrated that the prevalence of obstructive salivary gland disorders was 0.1%. This study provided a better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of obstructive salivary disorders, which facilitate timely management and improves quality of life.

导言:阻塞性唾液腺疾病是临床上经常遇到的一种疾病,可出现在不同的医疗从业人员身上。阻塞性唾液腺炎可导致反复感染和生活质量下降。目的 有关多种族亚裔人群阻塞性唾液腺疾病的公开数据很少。本研究旨在确定阻塞性唾液腺疾病的人口统计学模式和风险因素,以便更好地治疗这种疾病。方法 在一家三级医院进行了一项为期 5 年的回顾性横断面研究。结果 共发现 256 名(每 1,000 人中有 9.84 名)患者患有唾液腺疾病,其中 10% 被诊断为阻塞性唾液腺疾病。在唾液阻塞性疾病中,76%患有霰粒肿,19%患有复发性腮腺炎,1 名患者患有慢性唾液腺炎。我们观察到,涎腺阻塞性疾病患者中女性占少数。这项研究显示,吸烟是一个重要的风险因素(P = 0.041;患病率比 = 2.54,95% 置信区间为 1.12-5.78),吸烟者患阻塞性唾液腺疾病的几率是正常人的 2.5 倍。发病率与感染、脱水、药物摄入、糖尿病史、放疗和自身免疫性疾病等其他风险因素之间没有统计学相关性。结论 我们的研究结果表明,阻塞性唾液腺疾病的发病率为 0.1%。这项研究使人们对阻塞性唾液腺疾病的发病率和风险因素有了更深入的了解,从而有助于及时治疗和提高生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Dysphagia: Focus in Diagnosis. 吞咽困难:诊断重点。
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791749
Geraldo Pereira Jotz
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引用次数: 0
Do Anatomical Variations of Sphenoid Sinus Influence Sella Exposure and Residual Disease in Pituitary Surgery? - A Study in an Indian Population. 蝶窦的解剖变异会影响垂体手术中的蝶窦暴露和残留疾病吗?- 印度人群研究。
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788313
Aparna Gopalakrishnan, Sivaraman Ganesan, Andi Sadayandi Ramesh, Ananthakrishnan Ramesh, Lokesh Kumar Penubarathi, Kalaiarasi Raja, Jijitha Lakshmanan, Akshat Khushwaha, Koshika Kaushal, Arun Alexander

Introduction  Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) is the standard practice in pituitary surgeries. The sellar exposure becomes the main factor which determines the residual disease in ETS. Not many studies can be found in the literature on the influence of anatomical variations of the sphenoid on intraoperative sella exposure. Objective  The aim of the current study is to ascertain whether sphenoid sinus variations play a role in sellar exposure and residual tumor volume. Methods  This is a prospective study conducted in a south Indian tertiary care center between June 2020 to June 2022, with 21 study participants who were scheduled to have ETS. The relation of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters with the intraoperative area of sellar exposure and residual tumor volume was evaluated. Results  Sphenoid sinus dimensions, like presellar width (mean = 1.89 ± 0.51 cm), maximum width (mean = 2.94 ± 1.09 cm), presellar depth (mean = 1.14 ± 0.55 cm), suprasellar depth (mean = 1.08 ± 0.24 cm), infrasellar depth (mean = 2.36 ± 0.92 cm), presellar height (mean = 2.22 ± 0.47 cm), or the 9 internal carotid artery (ICA)-related measures, did not have any correlation with the mean intraoperative area of sellar exposure (0.57 ± 0.28 cm 2 ). Also, the adequacy of sellar exposure did not relate to the residual tumor. Preoperative tumor volume was found to be higher (20.2 [55.3-13.2] cm 3 ) in patients with residual tumor compared with those with no residual tumor (5.9 [6.8-5.2] cm 3 ). Tumor extension had a significant association with the residual tumor volume. Conclusion  According to the present study, anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus do not influence the adequacy of sellar exposure. Further studies need to be undertaken concerning residual tumor volume as well as preoperative tumor volume and extension.

引言 内窥镜经蝶手术(ETS)是垂体手术的标准做法。在 ETS 中,蝶鞍暴露是决定残留疾病的主要因素。关于蝶鞍解剖变异对术中蝶鞍暴露影响的研究文献并不多。目的 本研究旨在确定蝶窦变异是否对蝶窦暴露和残余肿瘤体积有影响。方法 这是一项前瞻性研究,于 2020 年 6 月至 2022 年 6 月期间在印度南部的一家三级医疗中心进行,共有 21 名计划接受 ETS 的研究参与者。评估术前计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)参数与术中蝶窦暴露面积和残余肿瘤体积的关系。结果 蝶窦尺寸,如蝶窦前宽(平均 = 1.89 ± 0.51 厘米)、最大宽度(平均 = 2.94 ± 1.09 厘米)、蝶窦前深(平均 = 1.14 ± 0.55 厘米)、蝶窦上深(平均 = 1.08 ± 0.24 cm)、髌下深度(平均 = 2.36 ± 0.92 cm)、髌前高度(平均 = 2.22 ± 0.47 cm)或 9 个颈内动脉(ICA)相关测量值与术中平均蝶鞍暴露面积(0.57 ± 0.28 cm 2)没有任何相关性。此外,蝶鞍暴露是否充分与残余肿瘤也没有关系。与无残留肿瘤的患者(5.9 [6.8-5.2] cm 3)相比,有残留肿瘤的患者术前肿瘤体积更高(20.2 [55.3-13.2] cm 3)。肿瘤的扩展与残留肿瘤体积有显著关系。结论 根据本研究,蝶窦的解剖变异不会影响蝶窦暴露的充分性。关于残余肿瘤体积以及术前肿瘤体积和扩展情况,还需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of Expansion Pharyngoplasty without Drug-induced Sleep Endoscopy Screening in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. 无需药物诱导睡眠内窥镜筛查的扩张性咽成形术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的疗效。
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782630
Rafael Tenor, Juan Miguel Palomeque-Vera, Angel Bandera-López, Pilar Cuellar, Manuel Oliva-Domínguez

Introduction  Expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty has been shown to be a good alternative to continuous pressure devices in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. On the other hand, drug-induced sleep endoscopy provides information on the pattern of collapse in obstructive sleep apnea, although it is unclear whether this information improves the surgical outcomes. Objective  To evaluate the success rate obtained when performing expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty on a group of patients diagnosed with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who were not previously selected by drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Methods  We present a series of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who underwent surgery. Pre- and postoperative home sleep apnea tests were performed. The success rate was calculated, and we assessed whether there were statistically significant pre- and postoperative differences in the apnea-hypopnea index and oximetry values. Results  In total, 20 patients were included, and the surgical success rate was of 80%. Statistically significant improvements were demonstrated in the mean apnea-hypopnea index (from 40.25 ± 15.18 events/hour to 13.14 ± 13.82 events/hour; p  < 0. 0001), the mean oximetric data (from 26.3 ± 12.97 desaturations/hour to 13.57 ± 15.02 desaturations/hour; p  = 0.034), and in the mean percentage of total sleep time in which the patient had less than 90% of saturation (from 8.64 ± 9.25% to 4.4 ± 7.76%; p  = 0.028). Conclusion  The results showed significant improvements in the apnea-hypopnea index and in the oximetric data, with a surgical success rate of 80%, despite the lack of prior drug-induced sleep endoscopy screening.

导言 对中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者而言,扩张括约肌咽成形术已被证明是持续加压装置的良好替代方案。另一方面,药物诱导睡眠内窥镜检查可提供阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者塌陷模式的信息,但目前尚不清楚这些信息是否能改善手术效果。目的 评估对一组被诊断为中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的患者实施扩张括约肌咽成形术的成功率,这些患者之前未通过药物诱导睡眠内窥镜检查进行筛选。方法 我们介绍了一系列接受手术治疗的中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者。术前和术后进行了家庭睡眠呼吸检测。我们计算了成功率,并评估了呼吸暂停-低通气指数和血氧饱和度值在术前和术后是否存在显著的统计学差异。结果 共纳入 20 名患者,手术成功率为 80%。平均呼吸暂停-低通气指数(从 40.25 ± 15.18 次/小时降至 13.14 ± 13.82 次/小时;P = 0.034)和患者睡眠饱和度低于 90% 的平均总睡眠时间百分比(从 8.64 ± 9.25% 降至 4.4 ± 7.76%;P = 0.028)均有明显改善。结论 结果显示,尽管之前没有进行过药物诱导睡眠内窥镜筛查,但呼吸暂停-低通气指数和血氧饱和度数据均有明显改善,手术成功率达 80%。
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引用次数: 0
Results of a New Treatment Protocol for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Betamethasone for Intratympanic Therapy. 使用倍他米松进行鼓室内治疗突发性感音神经性听力损失的新治疗方案的结果。
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788779
Paula Tardim Lopes, Jessica Almeida, Ricardo Ferreira Bento

Introduction  Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as a rapid sensation of hearing impairment in one or both ears. Based on its personal impact on patients, the present study advances the analysis of new treatments for the prompt recognition and management of SSNHL, with higher chances of improvements in terms of hearing recovery and quality of life of the patients. Objective  To describe the intratympanic (IT) corticoid infiltration technique, to demonstrate the efficacy of betamethasone injection as a sequential treatment in patients whose initial systemic steroid treatment failed, as well as to compare its use in different treatment periods. Methods  The present clinical trial was conducted with 37 patients referred to our office with the diagnosis of SSNHL, from September 2019 to May 2022, who provided informed consent to participate. Results  Even dividing the analysis of increasing the pure tone average (PTA) or speech recognition threshold (SRT) between the difference into initiation of the salvage therapy in up to 15 days of the sudden deafness event, and between 15 days and 3 months of the event, we did not find any difference in hearing improvement. Conclusion  Intratympanic corticosteroid therapy is prescribed when conventional therapy fails or when there is a limitation to the use of corticosteroids due to the presence of systemic disorders. As such, new drugs, such as bethametasone, are studied and show promising results.

导言:突发性感音神经性听力损失(SSNHL)是指单耳或双耳迅速感觉到听力受损。基于其对患者个人的影响,本研究推进了对新疗法的分析,以便及时识别和处理 SSNHL,从而提高患者听力恢复和生活质量的机会。目的 描述鼓室内皮质类固醇浸润技术,证明倍他米松注射液作为初始全身类固醇治疗失败患者的连续治疗方法的疗效,并比较其在不同治疗时期的使用情况。方法 本临床试验于 2019 年 9 月至 2022 年 5 月期间对 37 名转诊至我院确诊为 SSNHL 的患者进行了研究,这些患者在知情同意的情况下参与了试验。结果 即使将提高纯音平均值(PTA)或言语识别阈值(SRT)的分析分为突发性耳聋事件发生后 15 天内和事件发生后 15 天至 3 个月内开始抢救性治疗的差异,我们也没有发现听力改善方面的任何差异。结论 当常规治疗失败或因存在全身性疾病而限制使用皮质类固醇时,可采用鼓室内皮质类固醇治疗。因此,对新药(如倍他米松)进行了研究,并显示出良好的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Audiological Characterization of Individuals with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. 科妮莉亚-德-朗格综合征患者的听觉特征。
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788001
Nayara Pereira Santos, Liliane Aparecida Fagundes Silva, Ivone Ferreira Neves-Lobo, Chong Ae Kim, Carla Gentile Matas

Introduction  Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder in which individuals may present sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss, and the results of behavioral auditory assessments are not accurate. Objective  To characterize the audiological profile of individuals with CdLS through behavioral, electroacoustic, and electrophysiological audiological assessments. Methods  The study included 13 individuals of both sexes, aged between 3 and 26 years, with diagnoses confirmed through genetic studies. The following procedures were performed: medical history survey, otoscopy (pure-tone audiometry [PTA], speech audiometry, and acoustic immittance measures), and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Results  In total 62.50% of the participants who underwent PTA had abnormal results (all of which were mild), with a predominance of bilateral conductive hearing loss (60%). Regarding tympanometry, 76.93% had abnormal results, most frequently type B (85.72% on the right and 88.89% on the left ear). Acoustic reflexes showed results compatible with tympanometry changes. Changes in ABR latency values compatible with middle-ear impairment were found in 8 of them (66.66%) - 3 had bilateral (37.50%), and 5 had unilateral impairments (62.50%). Conclusion  Mild hearing loss was identified in 62.5% of the individuals with CdLS who underwent the behavioral audiological assessment. In the acoustic immittance measures, 76.9% of the participants presented a tympanometry curve characteristic of middle-ear changes. Acoustic reflexes were absent in 84.6% of the subjects. In the ABR, no changes were identified in auditory pathway integrity. On the other hand, changes in the absolute latency values were found, which are characteristic of conductive hearing loss.

导言 科妮莉亚-德-朗格综合征(CdLS)是一种遗传性疾病,患者可能会出现感音神经性和/或传导性听力损失,而行为听觉评估的结果并不准确。目的 通过行为、电声和电生理听觉评估,确定 CdLS 患者的听觉特征。方法 该研究包括 13 名年龄在 3 至 26 岁之间、经基因研究确诊的男女患者。进行了以下程序:病史调查、耳镜检查(纯音测听[PTA]、言语测听和声沉降测量)和听性脑干反应(ABR)。结果 在接受纯音测听的参与者中,共有 62.50%的人出现异常结果(均为轻度),其中以双侧传导性听力损失为主(60%)。在鼓室测量方面,76.93%的人结果异常,其中以 B 型最为常见(右耳为 85.72%,左耳为 88.89%)。声反射的结果与鼓室测量的变化相符。其中 8 人(66.66%)的 ABR 延迟值变化与中耳损伤相符,3 人(37.50%)为双侧损伤,5 人(62.50%)为单侧损伤。结论 62.5%的 CdLS 患者在接受行为听力评估后发现有轻度听力损失。在声阻抗测量中,76.9%的参与者出现了中耳病变的鼓室测量曲线。84.6%的受试者没有声反射。在 ABR 中,未发现听觉通路完整性发生变化。另一方面,绝对潜伏期值发生了变化,这是传导性听力损失的特征。
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引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy versus Notched Sound Therapy in Adults with Chronic Subjective Tinnitus and Normal Hearing. 认知行为疗法与凹槽声疗法对听力正常的慢性主观性耳鸣成人的疗效对比。
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788000
Soha Abdelraouf Mekki, Mohammed Gamal Sehlo, Usama Mahmoud Youssef, Ola Abdallah Ibraheem, Mai Ragab Ghazaly

Introduction  Tinnitus can be distressing, and it affects the quality of life (QoL) through psychological and cognitive impairments. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and notched sound therapy (NST) are tinnitus management approaches aiming to reduce symptoms and improve QoL via two different mechanisms. The CBT attains the cognitive principle, whereas the NST initiates tinnitus habituation. Objective  To evaluate the effect of CBT and NST and compare their results in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. Methods  The present prospective study involved 64 adults with normal hearing and chronic subjective tinnitus. They were subjected to history taking, basic audiological evaluation, and extended high-frequency audiometry at 10 and 12.5 kHz. The participants were divided into two equal groups, the first treated with CBT and the second treated with NST. The psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus and the Arabic Questionnaire for Tinnitus Reaction (Arabic-QTR) were used to monitor the outcomes of both therapies. Results  Both groups showed significant reduction in tinnitus severity according to the Arabic-QTR and tinnitus loudness matching. Improvement in the Arabic-QTR was better in the CBT group, while tinnitus loudness improvement was better in the NST group. Conclusion  Both CBT and NST are effective in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. In a comparison of the effect of the two therapies, CBT was found to be more effective in decreasing tinnitus-related distress, whereas SNT was found to be more helpful in reducing tinnitus loudness.

导言 耳鸣可能令人痛苦,并通过心理和认知障碍影响生活质量(QoL)。认知行为疗法(CBT)和凹槽声疗法(NST)是耳鸣治疗方法,旨在通过两种不同的机制减轻症状和改善生活质量。CBT 实现了认知原则,而 NST 则启动了耳鸣习惯化。目的 评估 CBT 和 NST 在治疗慢性主观性耳鸣方面的效果,并比较其结果。方法 本前瞻性研究涉及 64 名听力正常并患有慢性主观性耳鸣的成年人。他们接受了病史采集、基本听力评估和 10 和 12.5 kHz 的扩展高频测听。参与者被分为两组,第一组接受 CBT 治疗,第二组接受 NST 治疗。采用耳鸣心理声学测量和阿拉伯语耳鸣反应问卷(Arabic-QTR)来监测两种疗法的效果。结果 根据阿拉伯语耳鸣反应问卷(Arabic-QTR)和耳鸣响度匹配,两组患者的耳鸣严重程度均有明显减轻。CBT 组的阿拉伯语 QTR 改善效果更好,而 NST 组的耳鸣响度改善效果更好。结论 CBT 和 NST 对慢性主观性耳鸣的治疗都很有效。通过比较两种疗法的效果,发现 CBT 在减少耳鸣相关困扰方面更为有效,而 SNT 在减少耳鸣响度方面更有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on the Quality of Life of Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. 腺扁桃体切除术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停儿童生活质量的影响
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786832
Geethi Krishna Sukumaran, Asha Chellappan Sunanda, Shajul George

Introduction  In children, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that is caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy and is characterized by upper airway obstruction disturbing sleep. Objective  We conducted this study to evaluate health-related quality of life (QoL) in children with OSA before and after adenotonsillectomy. Methods  A descriptive, observational study was conducted among 43 children in the 4-to-12 years old age group who had symptoms of OSA due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and who underwent adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary care center during the period from February 2020 to February 2021. The QoL was assessed using the OSA-18 questionnaire preoperatively and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. Results  Among the study population, males (72)%) were more affected with OSA, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Based on the OSA-18 questionnaire assessment, the most severe and frequently observed symptoms were in the domains of sleep disturbance and physical symptoms, in which the mean score was 77 preoperatively. After adenotonsillectomy, the mean OSA-18 score decreased to 28.605 and 22.465 at 2 and 6 months, respectively. At 2 months postsurgery, more significant improvement was noticed in sleep disturbances, physical symptoms, and parent's concern while at 6 months postsurgery, all domains showed equal improvement. Therefore, following adenotonsillectomy, the QoL improved significantly. Conclusion  Obstructive sleep apnea can adversely affect sleep quality as well as neurocognitive and cardiovascular functions. Adenotonsillectomy resulted in significant improvement in the QoL.

引言 在儿童中,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是由腺扁桃体肥大引起的睡眠相关呼吸障碍,其特征是上气道阻塞干扰睡眠。目的 我们进行了这项研究,以评估患有 OSA 的儿童在腺扁桃体切除术前后与健康相关的生活质量(QoL)。方法 2020 年 2 月至 2021 年 2 月期间,我们在一家三级医疗中心对 43 名 4 至 12 岁年龄组的儿童进行了描述性观察研究,这些儿童因腺扁桃体肥大而出现 OSA 症状,并接受了腺扁桃体切除术。术前、术后2个月和6个月时使用OSA-18问卷对其QoL进行评估。结果 在研究人群中,男性(72%)更易患 OSA,男女比例为 2.6:1。根据 OSA-18 问卷评估,最严重和最常见的症状是睡眠障碍和躯体症状,术前平均得分为 77 分。腺扁桃体切除术后,OSA-18 的平均得分在 2 个月和 6 个月时分别降至 28.605 分和 22.465 分。术后 2 个月时,睡眠障碍、躯体症状和家长关注度方面的改善更为明显,而术后 6 个月时,各方面的改善程度相当。因此,腺扁桃体切除术后,患者的 QoL 显著改善。结论 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停会对睡眠质量以及神经认知和心血管功能造成不良影响。腺样体切除术可显著改善患者的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Cortical Responses to Mother's Voice in Comparison with Unfamiliar Voice in the First Trimester of Life: A fNIRS Study. 妊娠头三个月婴儿大脑皮层对母亲声音和陌生声音的反应对比:fNIRS 研究。
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788003
Lurdiana Guimarães Dias, Débora Marques de Miranda, Ana Lívia Libardi Bertachini, Gabriela Cintra Januário, Rebecca Chrispim Silva, Luciana Macedo de Resende

Introduction  The use of functional near-infrared light spectroscopy (fNIRS) may be applied to study cortical responses in children and could offer insight into auditory and speech perception during the early stages of life. Some literature suggests that babies are already able to identify familiar voices at birth, and fNIRS is a non-invasive technique that can be used to study this population. Objective  To characterize the cortical responses of infants during their first trimester of life to infant-directed speech using near-infrared light spectroscopy and to verify whether there is a difference in responses when infant-directed speech is performed by their mother compared with an unknown person. Methods  Twenty-three children between 0 and 3 months, healthy, without risk indicators for hearing loss, and with results considered normal in the audiological evaluation were tested with near-infrared spectroscopy using infant-directed speech as an auditory stimulus produced by their own mother and by an unknown source. Results  Bilateral cortical activation was observed. The responses were present in the temporal, frontal, and parietal regions. Regarding the familiarity aspect, no significant difference was observed for the mother's voice compared with an unknown voice. Conclusion  Infant-directed speech has prosodic characteristics capable of activating several cortical regions in the infant's first trimester of life, especially the temporal region. The familiarity effect needs to be better defined for this type of stimulus during this period.

导言:功能性近红外光光谱(fNIRS)可用于研究儿童的大脑皮层反应,并能帮助人们深入了解生命早期阶段的听觉和语言感知能力。一些文献表明,婴儿一出生就能识别熟悉的声音,而 fNIRS 是一种非侵入性技术,可用于研究这一人群。目的 使用近红外光光谱分析婴儿出生后三个月内对婴儿引导的语音的皮层反应,并验证婴儿引导的语音由母亲发出时,婴儿的反应与由未知人发出时是否存在差异。方法 对 23 名 0 至 3 个月、健康、无听力损失风险指标且听力评估结果正常的儿童进行了近红外光光谱测试,将婴儿引导的语言作为听觉刺激,分别由其母亲和未知人士发出。结果 观察到双侧大脑皮层激活。反应出现在颞叶、额叶和顶叶区域。在熟悉程度方面,母亲的声音与未知声音没有明显差异。结论 在婴儿出生后的头三个月,婴儿引导的语音具有能够激活多个大脑皮层区域,尤其是颞叶区域的前音特征。在这一时期,需要更好地界定这类刺激的熟悉效应。
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引用次数: 0
Contribution of Temporal Fine Structure Cues to Concurrent Vowel Identification and Perception of Zebra Speech. 时间精细结构线索对同时元音识别和斑马语音感知的贡献
IF 1 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-05 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785456
Delora Samantha Serrao, Nikhitha Theruvan, Hasna Fathima, Arivudai Nambi Pitchaimuthu

Introduction  The limited access to temporal fine structure (TFS) cues is a reason for reduced speech-in-noise recognition in cochlear implant (CI) users. The CI signal processing schemes like electroacoustic stimulation (EAS) and fine structure processing (FSP) encode TFS in the low frequency whereas theoretical strategies such as frequency amplitude modulation encoder (FAME) encode TFS in all the bands. Objective  The present study compared the effect of simulated CI signal processing schemes that either encode no TFS, TFS information in all bands, or TFS only in low-frequency bands on concurrent vowel identification (CVI) and Zebra speech perception (ZSP). Methods  Temporal fine structure information was systematically manipulated using a 30-band sine-wave (SV) vocoder. The TFS was either absent (SV) or presented in all the bands as frequency modulations simulating the FAME algorithm or only in bands below 525 Hz to simulate EAS. Concurrent vowel identification and ZSP were measured under each condition in 15 adults with normal hearing. Results  The CVI scores did not differ between the 3 schemes (F (2, 28)  = 0.62, p  = 0.55, η 2 p  = 0.04). The effect of encoding TFS was observed for ZSP (F (2, 28)  = 5.73, p  = 0.008, η 2 p  = 0.29). Perception of Zebra speech was significantly better with EAS and FAME than with SV. There was no significant difference in ZSP scores obtained with EAS and FAME ( p  = 1.00) Conclusion  For ZSP, the TFS cues from FAME and EAS resulted in equivalent improvements in performance compared to the SV scheme. The presence or absence of TFS did not affect the CVI scores.

导言:人工耳蜗(CI)用户对时间精细结构(TFS)线索的获取能力有限,这是导致噪声中语音识别能力下降的一个原因。电声刺激(EAS)和精细结构处理(FSP)等 CI 信号处理方案在低频对 TFS 进行编码,而频率振幅调制编码器(FAME)等理论策略则在所有频段对 TFS 进行编码。本研究比较了模拟 CI 信号处理方案对并发元音识别(CVI)和斑马语音感知(ZSP)的影响,这些方案要么不编码 TFS,要么在所有频段编码 TFS 信息,要么只在低频段编码 TFS。方法 使用 30 波段正弦波 (SV) 声码器系统地处理时间精细结构信息。TFS要么不存在(SV),要么以频率调制的形式出现在所有频段,模拟 FAME 算法,要么只出现在低于 525 Hz 的频段,模拟 EAS。在每种条件下,对 15 名听力正常的成年人同时进行元音识别和 ZSP 测量。结果 3 种方案的 CVI 分数没有差异(F (2, 28) = 0.62, p = 0.55, η 2 p = 0.04)。编码 TFS 对 ZSP 有影响 (F (2, 28) = 5.73, p = 0.008, η 2 p = 0.29)。EAS 和 FAME 对斑马语音的感知明显优于 SV。结论 对于 ZSP,FAME 和 EAS 的 TFS 提示与 SV 方案相比具有同等的改善效果。有无 TFS 并不影响 CVI 分数。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology
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