Introduction Obstructive salivary gland disease is a frequently encountered clinical entity that can present to various health practitioners. Obstructive sialadenitis can lead to recurrent infections and debilitating quality-of-life issues. Objective There is a paucity of published data regarding obstructive salivary disorders among the multiracial Asian population. The present study aimed to determine the demographic pattern and risk factors of obstructive salivary gland disorders with the goal of better management of this condition. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary institution over a period of 5 years. Results A total of 256 (9.84 for every 1,000) patients were found to have salivary disorders, 10% of who were diagnosed to have obstructive disorder. Among the obstructive salivary disorders, 76% had sialolithiasis, 19% had recurrent parotitis, and 1 patient had chronic sialadenitis. We observed a small female preponderance for obstructive salivary disorders. This study revealed that smoking is a significant risk factor ( p = 0.041; prevalence ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval 1.12-5.78), and smokers were 2.5 times more likely to develop obstructive salivary disorders. There was no statistical correlation between the prevalence and other risk factors like infection, dehydration, intake of medications, history of diabetes mellitus, radiotherapy, and autoimmune disorders. Conclusion Our study results demonstrated that the prevalence of obstructive salivary gland disorders was 0.1%. This study provided a better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of obstructive salivary disorders, which facilitate timely management and improves quality of life.
{"title":"Obstructive Salivary Gland Disorders - A Malaysian Patient Series.","authors":"Sethu Thakachy Subha, Malina Osman, Prepageran Narayanan","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786833","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1786833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b> Obstructive salivary gland disease is a frequently encountered clinical entity that can present to various health practitioners. Obstructive sialadenitis can lead to recurrent infections and debilitating quality-of-life issues. <b>Objective</b> There is a paucity of published data regarding obstructive salivary disorders among the multiracial Asian population. The present study aimed to determine the demographic pattern and risk factors of obstructive salivary gland disorders with the goal of better management of this condition. <b>Methods</b> A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary institution over a period of 5 years. <b>Results</b> A total of 256 (9.84 for every 1,000) patients were found to have salivary disorders, 10% of who were diagnosed to have obstructive disorder. Among the obstructive salivary disorders, 76% had sialolithiasis, 19% had recurrent parotitis, and 1 patient had chronic sialadenitis. We observed a small female preponderance for obstructive salivary disorders. This study revealed that smoking is a significant risk factor ( <i>p</i> = 0.041; prevalence ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval 1.12-5.78), and smokers were 2.5 times more likely to develop obstructive salivary disorders. There was no statistical correlation between the prevalence and other risk factors like infection, dehydration, intake of medications, history of diabetes mellitus, radiotherapy, and autoimmune disorders. <b>Conclusion</b> Our study results demonstrated that the prevalence of obstructive salivary gland disorders was 0.1%. This study provided a better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of obstructive salivary disorders, which facilitate timely management and improves quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"28 4","pages":"e608-e613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) is the standard practice in pituitary surgeries. The sellar exposure becomes the main factor which determines the residual disease in ETS. Not many studies can be found in the literature on the influence of anatomical variations of the sphenoid on intraoperative sella exposure. Objective The aim of the current study is to ascertain whether sphenoid sinus variations play a role in sellar exposure and residual tumor volume. Methods This is a prospective study conducted in a south Indian tertiary care center between June 2020 to June 2022, with 21 study participants who were scheduled to have ETS. The relation of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters with the intraoperative area of sellar exposure and residual tumor volume was evaluated. Results Sphenoid sinus dimensions, like presellar width (mean = 1.89 ± 0.51 cm), maximum width (mean = 2.94 ± 1.09 cm), presellar depth (mean = 1.14 ± 0.55 cm), suprasellar depth (mean = 1.08 ± 0.24 cm), infrasellar depth (mean = 2.36 ± 0.92 cm), presellar height (mean = 2.22 ± 0.47 cm), or the 9 internal carotid artery (ICA)-related measures, did not have any correlation with the mean intraoperative area of sellar exposure (0.57 ± 0.28 cm 2 ). Also, the adequacy of sellar exposure did not relate to the residual tumor. Preoperative tumor volume was found to be higher (20.2 [55.3-13.2] cm 3 ) in patients with residual tumor compared with those with no residual tumor (5.9 [6.8-5.2] cm 3 ). Tumor extension had a significant association with the residual tumor volume. Conclusion According to the present study, anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus do not influence the adequacy of sellar exposure. Further studies need to be undertaken concerning residual tumor volume as well as preoperative tumor volume and extension.
{"title":"Do Anatomical Variations of Sphenoid Sinus Influence Sella Exposure and Residual Disease in Pituitary Surgery? - A Study in an Indian Population.","authors":"Aparna Gopalakrishnan, Sivaraman Ganesan, Andi Sadayandi Ramesh, Ananthakrishnan Ramesh, Lokesh Kumar Penubarathi, Kalaiarasi Raja, Jijitha Lakshmanan, Akshat Khushwaha, Koshika Kaushal, Arun Alexander","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788313","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b> Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) is the standard practice in pituitary surgeries. The sellar exposure becomes the main factor which determines the residual disease in ETS. Not many studies can be found in the literature on the influence of anatomical variations of the sphenoid on intraoperative sella exposure. <b>Objective</b> The aim of the current study is to ascertain whether sphenoid sinus variations play a role in sellar exposure and residual tumor volume. <b>Methods</b> This is a prospective study conducted in a south Indian tertiary care center between June 2020 to June 2022, with 21 study participants who were scheduled to have ETS. The relation of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters with the intraoperative area of sellar exposure and residual tumor volume was evaluated. <b>Results</b> Sphenoid sinus dimensions, like presellar width (mean = 1.89 ± 0.51 cm), maximum width (mean = 2.94 ± 1.09 cm), presellar depth (mean = 1.14 ± 0.55 cm), suprasellar depth (mean = 1.08 ± 0.24 cm), infrasellar depth (mean = 2.36 ± 0.92 cm), presellar height (mean = 2.22 ± 0.47 cm), or the 9 internal carotid artery (ICA)-related measures, did not have any correlation with the mean intraoperative area of sellar exposure (0.57 ± 0.28 cm <sup>2</sup> ). Also, the adequacy of sellar exposure did not relate to the residual tumor. Preoperative tumor volume was found to be higher (20.2 [55.3-13.2] cm <sup>3</sup> ) in patients with residual tumor compared with those with no residual tumor (5.9 [6.8-5.2] cm <sup>3</sup> ). Tumor extension had a significant association with the residual tumor volume. <b>Conclusion</b> According to the present study, anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus do not influence the adequacy of sellar exposure. Further studies need to be undertaken concerning residual tumor volume as well as preoperative tumor volume and extension.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"28 4","pages":"e643-e649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782630
Rafael Tenor, Juan Miguel Palomeque-Vera, Angel Bandera-López, Pilar Cuellar, Manuel Oliva-Domínguez
Introduction Expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty has been shown to be a good alternative to continuous pressure devices in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. On the other hand, drug-induced sleep endoscopy provides information on the pattern of collapse in obstructive sleep apnea, although it is unclear whether this information improves the surgical outcomes. Objective To evaluate the success rate obtained when performing expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty on a group of patients diagnosed with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who were not previously selected by drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Methods We present a series of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who underwent surgery. Pre- and postoperative home sleep apnea tests were performed. The success rate was calculated, and we assessed whether there were statistically significant pre- and postoperative differences in the apnea-hypopnea index and oximetry values. Results In total, 20 patients were included, and the surgical success rate was of 80%. Statistically significant improvements were demonstrated in the mean apnea-hypopnea index (from 40.25 ± 15.18 events/hour to 13.14 ± 13.82 events/hour; p < 0. 0001), the mean oximetric data (from 26.3 ± 12.97 desaturations/hour to 13.57 ± 15.02 desaturations/hour; p = 0.034), and in the mean percentage of total sleep time in which the patient had less than 90% of saturation (from 8.64 ± 9.25% to 4.4 ± 7.76%; p = 0.028). Conclusion The results showed significant improvements in the apnea-hypopnea index and in the oximetric data, with a surgical success rate of 80%, despite the lack of prior drug-induced sleep endoscopy screening.
{"title":"Efficacy of Expansion Pharyngoplasty without Drug-induced Sleep Endoscopy Screening in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Rafael Tenor, Juan Miguel Palomeque-Vera, Angel Bandera-López, Pilar Cuellar, Manuel Oliva-Domínguez","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1782630","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1782630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b> Expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty has been shown to be a good alternative to continuous pressure devices in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. On the other hand, drug-induced sleep endoscopy provides information on the pattern of collapse in obstructive sleep apnea, although it is unclear whether this information improves the surgical outcomes. <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the success rate obtained when performing expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty on a group of patients diagnosed with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who were not previously selected by drug-induced sleep endoscopy. <b>Methods</b> We present a series of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who underwent surgery. Pre- and postoperative home sleep apnea tests were performed. The success rate was calculated, and we assessed whether there were statistically significant pre- and postoperative differences in the apnea-hypopnea index and oximetry values. <b>Results</b> In total, 20 patients were included, and the surgical success rate was of 80%. Statistically significant improvements were demonstrated in the mean apnea-hypopnea index (from 40.25 ± 15.18 events/hour to 13.14 ± 13.82 events/hour; <i>p</i> < 0. 0001), the mean oximetric data (from 26.3 ± 12.97 desaturations/hour to 13.57 ± 15.02 desaturations/hour; <i>p</i> = 0.034), and in the mean percentage of total sleep time in which the patient had less than 90% of saturation (from 8.64 ± 9.25% to 4.4 ± 7.76%; <i>p</i> = 0.028). <b>Conclusion</b> The results showed significant improvements in the apnea-hypopnea index and in the oximetric data, with a surgical success rate of 80%, despite the lack of prior drug-induced sleep endoscopy screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"28 4","pages":"e574-e578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788779
Paula Tardim Lopes, Jessica Almeida, Ricardo Ferreira Bento
Introduction Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as a rapid sensation of hearing impairment in one or both ears. Based on its personal impact on patients, the present study advances the analysis of new treatments for the prompt recognition and management of SSNHL, with higher chances of improvements in terms of hearing recovery and quality of life of the patients. Objective To describe the intratympanic (IT) corticoid infiltration technique, to demonstrate the efficacy of betamethasone injection as a sequential treatment in patients whose initial systemic steroid treatment failed, as well as to compare its use in different treatment periods. Methods The present clinical trial was conducted with 37 patients referred to our office with the diagnosis of SSNHL, from September 2019 to May 2022, who provided informed consent to participate. Results Even dividing the analysis of increasing the pure tone average (PTA) or speech recognition threshold (SRT) between the difference into initiation of the salvage therapy in up to 15 days of the sudden deafness event, and between 15 days and 3 months of the event, we did not find any difference in hearing improvement. Conclusion Intratympanic corticosteroid therapy is prescribed when conventional therapy fails or when there is a limitation to the use of corticosteroids due to the presence of systemic disorders. As such, new drugs, such as bethametasone, are studied and show promising results.
{"title":"Results of a New Treatment Protocol for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Betamethasone for Intratympanic Therapy.","authors":"Paula Tardim Lopes, Jessica Almeida, Ricardo Ferreira Bento","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788779","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b> Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as a rapid sensation of hearing impairment in one or both ears. Based on its personal impact on patients, the present study advances the analysis of new treatments for the prompt recognition and management of SSNHL, with higher chances of improvements in terms of hearing recovery and quality of life of the patients. <b>Objective</b> To describe the intratympanic (IT) corticoid infiltration technique, to demonstrate the efficacy of betamethasone injection as a sequential treatment in patients whose initial systemic steroid treatment failed, as well as to compare its use in different treatment periods. <b>Methods</b> The present clinical trial was conducted with 37 patients referred to our office with the diagnosis of SSNHL, from September 2019 to May 2022, who provided informed consent to participate. <b>Results</b> Even dividing the analysis of increasing the pure tone average (PTA) or speech recognition threshold (SRT) between the difference into initiation of the salvage therapy in up to 15 days of the sudden deafness event, and between 15 days and 3 months of the event, we did not find any difference in hearing improvement. <b>Conclusion</b> Intratympanic corticosteroid therapy is prescribed when conventional therapy fails or when there is a limitation to the use of corticosteroids due to the presence of systemic disorders. As such, new drugs, such as bethametasone, are studied and show promising results.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"28 4","pages":"e650-e656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder in which individuals may present sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss, and the results of behavioral auditory assessments are not accurate. Objective To characterize the audiological profile of individuals with CdLS through behavioral, electroacoustic, and electrophysiological audiological assessments. Methods The study included 13 individuals of both sexes, aged between 3 and 26 years, with diagnoses confirmed through genetic studies. The following procedures were performed: medical history survey, otoscopy (pure-tone audiometry [PTA], speech audiometry, and acoustic immittance measures), and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Results In total 62.50% of the participants who underwent PTA had abnormal results (all of which were mild), with a predominance of bilateral conductive hearing loss (60%). Regarding tympanometry, 76.93% had abnormal results, most frequently type B (85.72% on the right and 88.89% on the left ear). Acoustic reflexes showed results compatible with tympanometry changes. Changes in ABR latency values compatible with middle-ear impairment were found in 8 of them (66.66%) - 3 had bilateral (37.50%), and 5 had unilateral impairments (62.50%). Conclusion Mild hearing loss was identified in 62.5% of the individuals with CdLS who underwent the behavioral audiological assessment. In the acoustic immittance measures, 76.9% of the participants presented a tympanometry curve characteristic of middle-ear changes. Acoustic reflexes were absent in 84.6% of the subjects. In the ABR, no changes were identified in auditory pathway integrity. On the other hand, changes in the absolute latency values were found, which are characteristic of conductive hearing loss.
导言 科妮莉亚-德-朗格综合征(CdLS)是一种遗传性疾病,患者可能会出现感音神经性和/或传导性听力损失,而行为听觉评估的结果并不准确。目的 通过行为、电声和电生理听觉评估,确定 CdLS 患者的听觉特征。方法 该研究包括 13 名年龄在 3 至 26 岁之间、经基因研究确诊的男女患者。进行了以下程序:病史调查、耳镜检查(纯音测听[PTA]、言语测听和声沉降测量)和听性脑干反应(ABR)。结果 在接受纯音测听的参与者中,共有 62.50%的人出现异常结果(均为轻度),其中以双侧传导性听力损失为主(60%)。在鼓室测量方面,76.93%的人结果异常,其中以 B 型最为常见(右耳为 85.72%,左耳为 88.89%)。声反射的结果与鼓室测量的变化相符。其中 8 人(66.66%)的 ABR 延迟值变化与中耳损伤相符,3 人(37.50%)为双侧损伤,5 人(62.50%)为单侧损伤。结论 62.5%的 CdLS 患者在接受行为听力评估后发现有轻度听力损失。在声阻抗测量中,76.9%的参与者出现了中耳病变的鼓室测量曲线。84.6%的受试者没有声反射。在 ABR 中,未发现听觉通路完整性发生变化。另一方面,绝对潜伏期值发生了变化,这是传导性听力损失的特征。
{"title":"Audiological Characterization of Individuals with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.","authors":"Nayara Pereira Santos, Liliane Aparecida Fagundes Silva, Ivone Ferreira Neves-Lobo, Chong Ae Kim, Carla Gentile Matas","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788001","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b> Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder in which individuals may present sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss, and the results of behavioral auditory assessments are not accurate. <b>Objective</b> To characterize the audiological profile of individuals with CdLS through behavioral, electroacoustic, and electrophysiological audiological assessments. <b>Methods</b> The study included 13 individuals of both sexes, aged between 3 and 26 years, with diagnoses confirmed through genetic studies. The following procedures were performed: medical history survey, otoscopy (pure-tone audiometry [PTA], speech audiometry, and acoustic immittance measures), and auditory brainstem response (ABR). <b>Results</b> In total 62.50% of the participants who underwent PTA had abnormal results (all of which were mild), with a predominance of bilateral conductive hearing loss (60%). Regarding tympanometry, 76.93% had abnormal results, most frequently type B (85.72% on the right and 88.89% on the left ear). Acoustic reflexes showed results compatible with tympanometry changes. Changes in ABR latency values compatible with middle-ear impairment were found in 8 of them (66.66%) - 3 had bilateral (37.50%), and 5 had unilateral impairments (62.50%). <b>Conclusion</b> Mild hearing loss was identified in 62.5% of the individuals with CdLS who underwent the behavioral audiological assessment. In the acoustic immittance measures, 76.9% of the participants presented a tympanometry curve characteristic of middle-ear changes. Acoustic reflexes were absent in 84.6% of the subjects. In the ABR, no changes were identified in auditory pathway integrity. On the other hand, changes in the absolute latency values were found, which are characteristic of conductive hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"28 4","pages":"e626-e633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788000
Soha Abdelraouf Mekki, Mohammed Gamal Sehlo, Usama Mahmoud Youssef, Ola Abdallah Ibraheem, Mai Ragab Ghazaly
Introduction Tinnitus can be distressing, and it affects the quality of life (QoL) through psychological and cognitive impairments. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and notched sound therapy (NST) are tinnitus management approaches aiming to reduce symptoms and improve QoL via two different mechanisms. The CBT attains the cognitive principle, whereas the NST initiates tinnitus habituation. Objective To evaluate the effect of CBT and NST and compare their results in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. Methods The present prospective study involved 64 adults with normal hearing and chronic subjective tinnitus. They were subjected to history taking, basic audiological evaluation, and extended high-frequency audiometry at 10 and 12.5 kHz. The participants were divided into two equal groups, the first treated with CBT and the second treated with NST. The psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus and the Arabic Questionnaire for Tinnitus Reaction (Arabic-QTR) were used to monitor the outcomes of both therapies. Results Both groups showed significant reduction in tinnitus severity according to the Arabic-QTR and tinnitus loudness matching. Improvement in the Arabic-QTR was better in the CBT group, while tinnitus loudness improvement was better in the NST group. Conclusion Both CBT and NST are effective in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. In a comparison of the effect of the two therapies, CBT was found to be more effective in decreasing tinnitus-related distress, whereas SNT was found to be more helpful in reducing tinnitus loudness.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy versus Notched Sound Therapy in Adults with Chronic Subjective Tinnitus and Normal Hearing.","authors":"Soha Abdelraouf Mekki, Mohammed Gamal Sehlo, Usama Mahmoud Youssef, Ola Abdallah Ibraheem, Mai Ragab Ghazaly","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788000","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b> Tinnitus can be distressing, and it affects the quality of life (QoL) through psychological and cognitive impairments. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and notched sound therapy (NST) are tinnitus management approaches aiming to reduce symptoms and improve QoL via two different mechanisms. The CBT attains the cognitive principle, whereas the NST initiates tinnitus habituation. <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effect of CBT and NST and compare their results in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. <b>Methods</b> The present prospective study involved 64 adults with normal hearing and chronic subjective tinnitus. They were subjected to history taking, basic audiological evaluation, and extended high-frequency audiometry at 10 and 12.5 kHz. The participants were divided into two equal groups, the first treated with CBT and the second treated with NST. The psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus and the Arabic Questionnaire for Tinnitus Reaction (Arabic-QTR) were used to monitor the outcomes of both therapies. <b>Results</b> Both groups showed significant reduction in tinnitus severity according to the Arabic-QTR and tinnitus loudness matching. Improvement in the Arabic-QTR was better in the CBT group, while tinnitus loudness improvement was better in the NST group. <b>Conclusion</b> Both CBT and NST are effective in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. In a comparison of the effect of the two therapies, CBT was found to be more effective in decreasing tinnitus-related distress, whereas SNT was found to be more helpful in reducing tinnitus loudness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"28 4","pages":"e634-e642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786832
Geethi Krishna Sukumaran, Asha Chellappan Sunanda, Shajul George
Introduction In children, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that is caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy and is characterized by upper airway obstruction disturbing sleep. Objective We conducted this study to evaluate health-related quality of life (QoL) in children with OSA before and after adenotonsillectomy. Methods A descriptive, observational study was conducted among 43 children in the 4-to-12 years old age group who had symptoms of OSA due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and who underwent adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary care center during the period from February 2020 to February 2021. The QoL was assessed using the OSA-18 questionnaire preoperatively and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. Results Among the study population, males (72)%) were more affected with OSA, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Based on the OSA-18 questionnaire assessment, the most severe and frequently observed symptoms were in the domains of sleep disturbance and physical symptoms, in which the mean score was 77 preoperatively. After adenotonsillectomy, the mean OSA-18 score decreased to 28.605 and 22.465 at 2 and 6 months, respectively. At 2 months postsurgery, more significant improvement was noticed in sleep disturbances, physical symptoms, and parent's concern while at 6 months postsurgery, all domains showed equal improvement. Therefore, following adenotonsillectomy, the QoL improved significantly. Conclusion Obstructive sleep apnea can adversely affect sleep quality as well as neurocognitive and cardiovascular functions. Adenotonsillectomy resulted in significant improvement in the QoL.
{"title":"The Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on the Quality of Life of Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Geethi Krishna Sukumaran, Asha Chellappan Sunanda, Shajul George","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786832","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1786832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b> In children, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that is caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy and is characterized by upper airway obstruction disturbing sleep. <b>Objective</b> We conducted this study to evaluate health-related quality of life (QoL) in children with OSA before and after adenotonsillectomy. <b>Methods</b> A descriptive, observational study was conducted among 43 children in the 4-to-12 years old age group who had symptoms of OSA due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and who underwent adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary care center during the period from February 2020 to February 2021. The QoL was assessed using the OSA-18 questionnaire preoperatively and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. <b>Results</b> Among the study population, males (72)%) were more affected with OSA, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Based on the OSA-18 questionnaire assessment, the most severe and frequently observed symptoms were in the domains of sleep disturbance and physical symptoms, in which the mean score was 77 preoperatively. After adenotonsillectomy, the mean OSA-18 score decreased to 28.605 and 22.465 at 2 and 6 months, respectively. At 2 months postsurgery, more significant improvement was noticed in sleep disturbances, physical symptoms, and parent's concern while at 6 months postsurgery, all domains showed equal improvement. Therefore, following adenotonsillectomy, the QoL improved significantly. <b>Conclusion</b> Obstructive sleep apnea can adversely affect sleep quality as well as neurocognitive and cardiovascular functions. Adenotonsillectomy resulted in significant improvement in the QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"28 4","pages":"e603-e607"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788003
Lurdiana Guimarães Dias, Débora Marques de Miranda, Ana Lívia Libardi Bertachini, Gabriela Cintra Januário, Rebecca Chrispim Silva, Luciana Macedo de Resende
Introduction The use of functional near-infrared light spectroscopy (fNIRS) may be applied to study cortical responses in children and could offer insight into auditory and speech perception during the early stages of life. Some literature suggests that babies are already able to identify familiar voices at birth, and fNIRS is a non-invasive technique that can be used to study this population. Objective To characterize the cortical responses of infants during their first trimester of life to infant-directed speech using near-infrared light spectroscopy and to verify whether there is a difference in responses when infant-directed speech is performed by their mother compared with an unknown person. Methods Twenty-three children between 0 and 3 months, healthy, without risk indicators for hearing loss, and with results considered normal in the audiological evaluation were tested with near-infrared spectroscopy using infant-directed speech as an auditory stimulus produced by their own mother and by an unknown source. Results Bilateral cortical activation was observed. The responses were present in the temporal, frontal, and parietal regions. Regarding the familiarity aspect, no significant difference was observed for the mother's voice compared with an unknown voice. Conclusion Infant-directed speech has prosodic characteristics capable of activating several cortical regions in the infant's first trimester of life, especially the temporal region. The familiarity effect needs to be better defined for this type of stimulus during this period.
{"title":"Cortical Responses to Mother's Voice in Comparison with Unfamiliar Voice in the First Trimester of Life: A fNIRS Study.","authors":"Lurdiana Guimarães Dias, Débora Marques de Miranda, Ana Lívia Libardi Bertachini, Gabriela Cintra Januário, Rebecca Chrispim Silva, Luciana Macedo de Resende","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788003","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b> The use of functional near-infrared light spectroscopy (fNIRS) may be applied to study cortical responses in children and could offer insight into auditory and speech perception during the early stages of life. Some literature suggests that babies are already able to identify familiar voices at birth, and fNIRS is a non-invasive technique that can be used to study this population. <b>Objective</b> To characterize the cortical responses of infants during their first trimester of life to infant-directed speech using near-infrared light spectroscopy and to verify whether there is a difference in responses when infant-directed speech is performed by their mother compared with an unknown person. <b>Methods</b> Twenty-three children between 0 and 3 months, healthy, without risk indicators for hearing loss, and with results considered normal in the audiological evaluation were tested with near-infrared spectroscopy using infant-directed speech as an auditory stimulus produced by their own mother and by an unknown source. <b>Results</b> Bilateral cortical activation was observed. The responses were present in the temporal, frontal, and parietal regions. Regarding the familiarity aspect, no significant difference was observed for the mother's voice compared with an unknown voice. <b>Conclusion</b> Infant-directed speech has prosodic characteristics capable of activating several cortical regions in the infant's first trimester of life, especially the temporal region. The familiarity effect needs to be better defined for this type of stimulus during this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"28 4","pages":"e579-e586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction The limited access to temporal fine structure (TFS) cues is a reason for reduced speech-in-noise recognition in cochlear implant (CI) users. The CI signal processing schemes like electroacoustic stimulation (EAS) and fine structure processing (FSP) encode TFS in the low frequency whereas theoretical strategies such as frequency amplitude modulation encoder (FAME) encode TFS in all the bands. Objective The present study compared the effect of simulated CI signal processing schemes that either encode no TFS, TFS information in all bands, or TFS only in low-frequency bands on concurrent vowel identification (CVI) and Zebra speech perception (ZSP). Methods Temporal fine structure information was systematically manipulated using a 30-band sine-wave (SV) vocoder. The TFS was either absent (SV) or presented in all the bands as frequency modulations simulating the FAME algorithm or only in bands below 525 Hz to simulate EAS. Concurrent vowel identification and ZSP were measured under each condition in 15 adults with normal hearing. Results The CVI scores did not differ between the 3 schemes (F (2, 28) = 0.62, p = 0.55, η 2p = 0.04). The effect of encoding TFS was observed for ZSP (F (2, 28) = 5.73, p = 0.008, η 2p = 0.29). Perception of Zebra speech was significantly better with EAS and FAME than with SV. There was no significant difference in ZSP scores obtained with EAS and FAME ( p = 1.00) Conclusion For ZSP, the TFS cues from FAME and EAS resulted in equivalent improvements in performance compared to the SV scheme. The presence or absence of TFS did not affect the CVI scores.
导言:人工耳蜗(CI)用户对时间精细结构(TFS)线索的获取能力有限,这是导致噪声中语音识别能力下降的一个原因。电声刺激(EAS)和精细结构处理(FSP)等 CI 信号处理方案在低频对 TFS 进行编码,而频率振幅调制编码器(FAME)等理论策略则在所有频段对 TFS 进行编码。本研究比较了模拟 CI 信号处理方案对并发元音识别(CVI)和斑马语音感知(ZSP)的影响,这些方案要么不编码 TFS,要么在所有频段编码 TFS 信息,要么只在低频段编码 TFS。方法 使用 30 波段正弦波 (SV) 声码器系统地处理时间精细结构信息。TFS要么不存在(SV),要么以频率调制的形式出现在所有频段,模拟 FAME 算法,要么只出现在低于 525 Hz 的频段,模拟 EAS。在每种条件下,对 15 名听力正常的成年人同时进行元音识别和 ZSP 测量。结果 3 种方案的 CVI 分数没有差异(F (2, 28) = 0.62, p = 0.55, η 2 p = 0.04)。编码 TFS 对 ZSP 有影响 (F (2, 28) = 5.73, p = 0.008, η 2 p = 0.29)。EAS 和 FAME 对斑马语音的感知明显优于 SV。结论 对于 ZSP,FAME 和 EAS 的 TFS 提示与 SV 方案相比具有同等的改善效果。有无 TFS 并不影响 CVI 分数。
{"title":"Contribution of Temporal Fine Structure Cues to Concurrent Vowel Identification and Perception of Zebra Speech.","authors":"Delora Samantha Serrao, Nikhitha Theruvan, Hasna Fathima, Arivudai Nambi Pitchaimuthu","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1785456","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1785456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b> The limited access to temporal fine structure (TFS) cues is a reason for reduced speech-in-noise recognition in cochlear implant (CI) users. The CI signal processing schemes like electroacoustic stimulation (EAS) and fine structure processing (FSP) encode TFS in the low frequency whereas theoretical strategies such as frequency amplitude modulation encoder (FAME) encode TFS in all the bands. <b>Objective</b> The present study compared the effect of simulated CI signal processing schemes that either encode no TFS, TFS information in all bands, or TFS only in low-frequency bands on concurrent vowel identification (CVI) and Zebra speech perception (ZSP). <b>Methods</b> Temporal fine structure information was systematically manipulated using a 30-band sine-wave (SV) vocoder. The TFS was either absent (SV) or presented in all the bands as frequency modulations simulating the FAME algorithm or only in bands below 525 Hz to simulate EAS. Concurrent vowel identification and ZSP were measured under each condition in 15 adults with normal hearing. <b>Results</b> The CVI scores did not differ between the 3 schemes (F <sup>(2, 28)</sup> = 0.62, <i>p</i> = 0.55, η <sup>2</sup> <sub>p </sub> = 0.04). The effect of encoding TFS was observed for ZSP (F <sup>(2, 28)</sup> = 5.73, <i>p</i> = 0.008, η <sup>2</sup> <sub>p </sub> = 0.29). Perception of Zebra speech was significantly better with EAS and FAME than with SV. There was no significant difference in ZSP scores obtained with EAS and FAME ( <i>p</i> = 1.00) <b>Conclusion</b> For ZSP, the TFS cues from FAME and EAS resulted in equivalent improvements in performance compared to the SV scheme. The presence or absence of TFS did not affect the CVI scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"28 3","pages":"e492-e501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}