Fouling of Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Nanofiltration (NF) Membranes by Low Molecular Weight Organic Compounds (LMWOCs), Part 1: Fundamentals and Mechanism.

IF 3.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Membranes Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI:10.3390/membranes14100221
Yasushi Maeda
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Abstract

Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) are ubiquitous technologies in modern water treatment, finding applications across various sectors. However, the availability of high-quality water suitable for RO/NF feed is diminishing due to droughts caused by global warming, increasing demand, and water pollution. As concerns grow over the depletion of precious freshwater resources, a global movement is gaining momentum to utilize previously overlooked or challenging water sources, collectively known as "marginal water". Fouling is a serious concern when treating marginal water. In RO/NF, biofouling, organic and colloidal fouling, and scaling are particularly problematic. Of these, organic fouling, along with biofouling, has been considered difficult to manage. The major organic foulants studied are natural organic matter (NOM) for surface water and groundwater and effluent organic matter (EfOM) for municipal wastewater reuse. Polymeric substances such as sodium alginate, humic acid, and proteins have been used as model substances of EfOM. Fouling by low molecular weight organic compounds (LMWOCs) such as surfactants, phenolics, and plasticizers is known, but there have been few comprehensive reports. This review aims to shed light on fouling behavior by LMWOCs and its mechanism. LMWOC foulants reported so far are summarized, and the role of LMWOCs is also outlined for other polymeric membranes, e.g., UF, gas separation membranes, etc. Regarding the mechanism of fouling, it is explained that the fouling is caused by the strong interaction between LMWOC and the membrane, which causes the water permeation to be hindered by LMWOCs adsorbed on the membrane surface (surface fouling) and sorbed inside the membrane pores (internal fouling). Adsorption amounts and flow loss caused by the LMWOC fouling were well correlated with the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P). In part 2, countermeasures to solve this problem and applications using the LMWOCs will be outlined.

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低分子量有机化合物 (LMWOC) 对反渗透 (RO) 和纳滤 (NF) 膜的污垢,第 1 部分:基本原理与机理。
反渗透(RO)和纳滤(NF)是现代水处理中无处不在的技术,在各个领域都有应用。然而,由于全球变暖导致的干旱、日益增长的需求和水污染,适合反渗透/纳滤进水的优质水源正在减少。随着人们对珍贵淡水资源枯竭的担忧与日俱增,一场利用以前被忽视或具有挑战性的水源(统称为 "边际水")的全球运动正在蓄势待发。在处理边际水时,污垢是一个严重的问题。在反渗透/纳滤过程中,生物污垢、有机污垢和胶体污垢以及结垢问题尤为严重。其中,有机污垢和生物污垢一直被认为是难以处理的问题。所研究的主要有机污垢是地表水和地下水中的天然有机物(NOM)以及城市污水回用中的污水有机物(EfOM)。海藻酸钠、腐殖酸和蛋白质等高分子物质被用作 EfOM 的模型物质。低分子量有机化合物(LMWOCs)(如表面活性剂、酚类和增塑剂)造成的污垢已为人所知,但全面的报道却很少。本综述旨在阐明 LMWOC 的污垢行为及其机理。本文总结了迄今为止报道的 LMWOC 污垢剂,并概述了 LMWOC 对其他聚合物膜(如超滤膜、气体分离膜等)的作用。关于污垢的机理,解释了污垢是由 LMWOC 与膜之间的强烈相互作用引起的,这种作用导致膜表面吸附的 LMWOC(表面污垢)和膜孔内吸附的 LMWOC(内部污垢)阻碍了水的渗透。LMWOC 污垢造成的吸附量和流量损失与辛醇-水分配系数(log P)密切相关。第二部分将概述解决这一问题的对策以及使用 LMWOCs 的应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Membranes
Membranes Chemical Engineering-Filtration and Separation
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
16.70%
发文量
1071
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of separation science and technology. It publishes reviews, research articles, communications and technical notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided.
期刊最新文献
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