Mediterranean diet lowers risk of new-onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study in China.

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Nutrition Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI:10.1186/s12937-024-01036-x

Zhen Ying, Minjie Fu, Zezhou Fang, Xiaomei Ye, Ping Wang, Jiaping Lu

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Abstract

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown promising results in preventing type 2 diabetes, particularly in Mediterranean and European populations. However, the applicability of these benefits to non-Mediterranean populations is unclear, with contradictory findings in the literature.

Methods: In this study, we included 12,575 participants without diabetes at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Dietary intake was measured by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) was measured by a score scale that included nine components of vegetables, legumes, fruits, nuts, cereals, fish, red meat, dairy products, and alcohol. New-onset diabetes was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes during the follow-up.

Results: During a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 445 (3.5%) subjects developed diabetes. Overall, there was an inverse association between the MDA score and new-onset diabetes (per score increment, HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.90). Moreover, age, sex, BMI, and energy intake significantly modified the association between the MDA score and the risk of new-onset diabetes (all P interactions < 0.05). Greater fruit, fish, and nut intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of new-onset diabetes.

Conclusion: There was an inverse association between Mediterranean diet adherence and new-onset diabetes in the Chinese population.

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地中海饮食降低新发糖尿病风险：一项在中国进行的全国性队列研究。

背景：地中海饮食（Mediterranean diet，MD）在预防 2 型糖尿病方面取得了可喜的成果，尤其是在地中海和欧洲人群中。然而，这些益处是否适用于非地中海人群尚不清楚，文献中的研究结果也相互矛盾：在这项研究中，我们纳入了中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）中的 12,575 名基线时未患糖尿病的参与者。膳食摄入量通过连续三次 24 小时膳食回顾来测量。地中海饮食坚持率（MDA）通过评分表进行测量，评分表包括蔬菜、豆类、水果、坚果、谷物、鱼类、红肉、乳制品和酒精九种成分。新发糖尿病的定义是在随访期间自述被医生诊断为糖尿病：结果：在中位数为 9.0 年的随访期间，有 445 人（3.5%）罹患糖尿病。总体而言，MDA评分与新发糖尿病之间呈反向关系（每增加一个评分，HR为0.83，95% CI为0.76-0.90）。此外，年龄、性别、体重指数和能量摄入显著改变了 MDA 评分与新发糖尿病风险之间的关系（所有 P 相互影响结论）：在中国人群中，坚持地中海饮食与新发糖尿病之间呈反向关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition Journal NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered. Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies. In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.