Associations between polygenic scores for cognitive and non-cognitive factors of educational attainment and measures of behavior, psychopathology, and neuroimaging in the adolescent brain cognitive development study.

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Psychological Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI:10.1017/S0033291724002174

Aaron J Gorelik, Sarah E Paul, Alex P Miller, David A A Baranger, Shuyu Lin, Wei Zhang, Nourhan M Elsayed, Hailey Modi, Pooja Addala, Janine Bijsterbosch, Deanna M Barch, Nicole R Karcher, Alexander S Hatoum, Arpana Agrawal, Ryan Bogdan, Emma C Johnson

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Abstract

Background: Educational attainment (EduA) is correlated with life outcomes, and EduA itself is influenced by both cognitive and non-cognitive factors. A recent study performed a 'genome-wide association study (GWAS) by subtraction,' subtracting genetic effects for cognitive performance from an educational attainment GWAS to create orthogonal 'cognitive' and 'non-cognitive' factors. These cognitive and non-cognitive factors showed associations with behavioral health outcomes in adults; however, whether these correlations are present during childhood is unclear.

Methods: Using data from up to 5517 youth (ages 9-11) of European ancestry from the ongoing Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development^SM Study, we examined associations between polygenic scores (PGS) for cognitive and non-cognitive factors and cognition, risk tolerance, decision-making & personality, substance initiation, psychopathology, and brain structure (e.g. volume, fractional anisotropy [FA]). Within-sibling analyses estimated whether observed genetic associations may be consistent with direct genetic effects.

Results: Both PGSs were associated with greater cognition and lower impulsivity, drive, and severity of psychotic-like experiences. The cognitive PGS was also associated with greater risk tolerance, increased odds of choosing delayed reward, and decreased likelihood of ADHD and bipolar disorder; the non-cognitive PGS was associated with lack of perseverance and reward responsiveness. Cognitive PGS were more strongly associated with larger regional cortical volumes; non-cognitive PGS were more strongly associated with higher FA. All associations were characterized by small effects.

Conclusions: While the small sizes of these associations suggest that they are not effective for prediction within individuals, cognitive and non-cognitive PGS show unique associations with phenotypes in childhood at the population level.

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青少年大脑认知发展研究中认知和非认知因素教育程度的多基因得分与行为、精神病理学和神经影像学测量之间的关联。

背景：教育程度（EduA）与人生结果相关，而教育程度本身受认知和非认知因素的影响。最近的一项研究进行了一项 "减法全基因组关联研究（GWAS）"，从教育程度 GWAS 中减去了认知表现的遗传效应，从而产生了正交的 "认知 "和 "非认知 "因素。这些认知和非认知因素与成年人的行为健康结果有关联，但这些关联是否存在于儿童时期尚不清楚：我们利用正在进行的青少年大脑认知发展研究（Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study）中多达 5517 名欧洲血统青少年（9-11 岁）的数据，研究了认知和非认知因素的多基因评分（PGS）与认知、风险承受能力、决策和个性、药物摄入、精神病理学和大脑结构（如体积、分数各向异性 [FA]）之间的关联。同胞分析估计了观察到的遗传关联是否与直接遗传效应一致：结果：两种 PGS 均与认知能力较强、冲动性较低、驱动力较弱以及精神病样经历严重程度较低有关。认知型 PGS 还与风险承受能力更强、选择延迟奖赏的几率增加以及多动症和双相情感障碍的可能性降低有关；非认知型 PGS 与缺乏毅力和奖赏反应性有关。认知性 PGS 与更大的区域皮质体积有更强的相关性；非认知性 PGS 与更高的 FA 有更强的相关性。所有关联的特点都是影响较小：虽然这些关联的影响较小，表明它们不能有效地预测个体，但认知性和非认知性 PGS 在人群水平上显示出与儿童期表型的独特关联。

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来源期刊

Psychological Medicine 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

4.30%

发文量

711

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Now in its fifth decade of publication, Psychological Medicine is a leading international journal in the fields of psychiatry, related aspects of psychology and basic sciences. From 2014, there are 16 issues a year, each featuring original articles reporting key research being undertaken worldwide, together with shorter editorials by distinguished scholars and an important book review section. The journal''s success is clearly demonstrated by a consistently high impact factor.