{"title":"Effect of Electrode Positioning on Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soft Clay with Surface Electrolyte.","authors":"Zhaohua Sun, Shuwen Xu, Jianming Zhang, Beukes Demarscho Eugene, Sheng Li","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100758","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft clay contamination is an increasingly global issue with significant implications for land development and human health. Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) has demonstrated significant potential for cleaning contaminated soils. It is crucial to develop efficient processes that minimize environmental impact and reduce costs. A series of citric acid (CA)-enhanced EKR tests were conducted using a novel experimental setup, with the electrolyte positioned above the soil surface, to examine the impact of four different electrode arrangements on the effectiveness of EKR. The position of the electrode end had a significant impact on the migration of ions in the anolyte and catholyte, which in turn affected the volume reduction in the anolyte, the magnitude of the current, and the migration of heavy metals. The electrode arrangement mode <i>c</i> (electrodes suspended in the electrolytes) can enhance the migration of the anolyte and reduce the drainage of the soil, making it an effective measure for improving the removal rate of heavy metals. After the heavy metal remediation is complete, the bearing capacity of the soil should be increased. Changing the electrode arrangement to mode <i>d</i> (anode suspended in the anolyte, a very small part of the cathode inserted into the soil) is an effective measure for reducing the soil water content and improving soil strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511411/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxics","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100758","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Soft clay contamination is an increasingly global issue with significant implications for land development and human health. Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) has demonstrated significant potential for cleaning contaminated soils. It is crucial to develop efficient processes that minimize environmental impact and reduce costs. A series of citric acid (CA)-enhanced EKR tests were conducted using a novel experimental setup, with the electrolyte positioned above the soil surface, to examine the impact of four different electrode arrangements on the effectiveness of EKR. The position of the electrode end had a significant impact on the migration of ions in the anolyte and catholyte, which in turn affected the volume reduction in the anolyte, the magnitude of the current, and the migration of heavy metals. The electrode arrangement mode c (electrodes suspended in the electrolytes) can enhance the migration of the anolyte and reduce the drainage of the soil, making it an effective measure for improving the removal rate of heavy metals. After the heavy metal remediation is complete, the bearing capacity of the soil should be increased. Changing the electrode arrangement to mode d (anode suspended in the anolyte, a very small part of the cathode inserted into the soil) is an effective measure for reducing the soil water content and improving soil strength.
软粘土污染是一个日益严重的全球性问题,对土地开发和人类健康具有重大影响。电动力修复(EKR)在净化受污染土壤方面具有巨大潜力。关键是要开发出高效的工艺,最大限度地减少对环境的影响并降低成本。我们使用新颖的实验装置(电解液位于土壤表面之上)进行了一系列柠檬酸(CA)增强型 EKR 试验,以检验四种不同电极排列方式对 EKR 效果的影响。电极末端的位置对电解液和电解质中离子的迁移有显著影响,进而影响电解液体积的减少、电流的大小和重金属的迁移。电极布置模式 c(电极悬浮在电解质中)可以增强溶解质的迁移,减少土壤的排水量,是提高重金属去除率的有效措施。重金属修复完成后,应提高土壤的承载能力。将电极布置方式改为模式 d(阳极悬浮在溶液中,极小部分阴极插入土壤中)是降低土壤含水量和提高土壤强度的有效措施。
ToxicsChemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
10.90%
发文量
681
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍:
The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering:
The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil);
Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products;
Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans;
Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment;
Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.