Oxidative Dissolution and the Aggregation of Silver Nanoparticles in Drinking and Natural Waters: The Influence of the Medium on the Process Development.

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Toxics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI:10.3390/toxics12100757
Vadim A Ershov, Boris G Ershov
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Abstract

Currently, there are quite a few data on the ways silver nanoparticles get into the aquatic environment, on their subsequent dissolution in water, and on the release of toxic Ag+ ions. Differences in the experimental conditions hinder the determination of the basic regularities of this process. In this study, the stages of oxidative dissolution of AgNPs were studied, starting from the formation of silver hydrosol in deaerated solution, the reaction of silver with oxygen and with drinking and natural waters, the analysis of intermediate species of the oxidized colloidal particles, and the subsequent particle aggregation and precipitation, by optical spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, STEM, and EDX. In the presence of oxygen, silver nanoparticles undergo oxidative dissolution, which gives Ag+ ions and results in the subsequent aggregation of nanoparticles. The carbonate hydrosol loses stability when mixed with waters of various origin. This is due to the destruction of the electric double layer, which is caused by an increase in the solution's ionic strength and the neutralization of the charge of the metal core. The environmental hazard of the silver nanoparticle hydrosol would noticeably change and/or decrease when the nanoparticles get into natural waters because of their fast precipitation and because the major part of released Ag+ ions form poorly soluble salts with ions present in water.

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银纳米粒子在饮用水和天然水中的氧化溶解和聚集:介质对过程发展的影响。
目前,关于纳米银粒子进入水生环境的方式、随后在水中的溶解情况以及有毒 Ag+ 离子的释放情况的数据相当少。实验条件的差异阻碍了对这一过程基本规律的确定。本研究通过光学光谱、DLS、TEM、STEM 和 EDX 等方法,研究了银纳米粒子氧化溶解的各个阶段,包括在脱气溶液中形成银水溶液、银与氧气、饮用水和天然水发生反应、氧化胶体粒子的中间物种分析,以及随后的粒子聚集和沉淀。在氧气存在的情况下,纳米银粒子会发生氧化溶解,产生 Ag+ 离子,并导致纳米粒子的聚集。碳酸盐水溶液与不同来源的水混合后会失去稳定性。这是由于溶液离子强度的增加和金属核心电荷的中和导致了电双层的破坏。当纳米银微粒进入自然水体时,由于其沉淀速度快,释放出的大部分 Ag+ 离子会与水中的离子形成难溶性盐,因此纳米银水溶液对环境的危害会明显改变和/或降低。
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来源期刊
Toxics
Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
10.90%
发文量
681
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.
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