Removal of Lead Cations by Novel Organoclays Derived from Bentonite and Amphoteric and Nonionic Surfactants.

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Toxics Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.3390/toxics12100713
Maria Gertsen, Leonid Perelomov, Anna Kharkova, Marina Burachevskaya, S Hemalatha, Yury Atroshchenko
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Abstract

For many decades, natural and modified clay minerals have been used as adsorbents to clean up aquatic and soil ecosystems contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. In this study, organoclays based on bentonite and various amphoteric and nonionic surfactants were synthesized and tested as effective sorbents for lead ions. The maximum values of R were obtained when describing the sorption processes using the Langmuir model, which ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. The adsorption of lead ions by these organoclays was investigated using different sorption models including the Langmuir, Freundlich, and BET. It was found that, according to the values of limiting adsorption to the Langmuir equation, the synthesized organoclays formed an increasing series: organoclay with cocamide diethanolamine < bentonite < organoclay with lauramine oxide < organoclay with sodium cocoiminodipropionate < organoclay with disodium cocoamphodiacetate < organoclay with alkyl polyglucoside. The Gibbs energy for all of the analyzed samples was calculated and found to be negative, indicating the spontaneity of the cation adsorption process in the forward direction. The maximum value of the adsorption capacity of lead cations on organoclay-based bentonite with alkyl polyglucoside was 1.49 ± 0.05 mmol/g according to the Langmuir model, and 0.523 ± 0.003 mmol/g as determined by the BET model. In the process of modifying bentonite, there was an increase in negative values of the zeta potential for organoclays compared to the initial mineral, which clearly enhanced their electrostatic interactions with the positively charged lead ions. It was hypothesized, based on the physicochemical principles, that exchange adsorption is the main mechanism for lead absorption. Based on chemical approaches, organoclays based on amphoteric surfactants absorb lead mainly through the mechanisms of electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and complexation as well as the formation of insoluble precipitates. Organoclays based on nonionic surfactants, on the other hand, absorb lead through mechanisms of complexation (including chelation) and the formation of insoluble chemical precipitates. The comparison of isotherms from different models allows us to find the most accurate match between the model and the experimental data, and to better understand the nature of the processes involved.

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用膨润土和两性及非离子表面活性剂衍生的新型有机粘土去除铅阳离子。
几十年来,天然粘土矿物和改性粘土矿物一直被用作吸附剂来净化被有机和无机污染物污染的水生和土壤生态系统。本研究合成了基于膨润土和各种两性表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的有机粘土,并将其作为铅离子的有效吸附剂进行了测试。在使用 Langmuir 模型描述吸附过程时,R 值达到最大,范围在 0.97 到 0.99 之间。使用不同的吸附模型(包括 Langmuir、Freundlich 和 BET)研究了这些有机黏土对铅离子的吸附。研究发现,根据兰姆方程的极限吸附值,合成的有机粘土形成了一个递增的系列:含有椰油酰胺二乙醇胺的有机粘土 < 膨润土 < 含氧化月桂酰胺的有机粘土 < 含椰油亚氨基二丙酸钠的有机粘土 < 含椰油酰胺二乙酸二钠的有机粘土 < 含烷基聚葡萄糖苷的有机粘土。经计算发现,所有分析样品的吉布斯能均为负值,这表明阳离子吸附过程具有正向自发性。根据 Langmuir 模型,铅阳离子在有机土基烷基聚葡萄糖苷膨润土上的吸附容量最大值为 1.49 ± 0.05 mmol/g,而根据 BET 模型确定的吸附容量最大值为 0.523 ± 0.003 mmol/g。在改性膨润土的过程中,与初始矿物相比,有机粘土的 zeta 电位负值有所增加,这明显增强了它们与带正电的铅离子之间的静电相互作用。根据物理化学原理推测,交换吸附是铅吸收的主要机制。根据化学方法,基于两性表面活性剂的有机粘土主要通过静电吸引、离子交换和络合以及形成不溶性沉淀物的机制来吸收铅。而基于非离子表面活性剂的有机粘土则通过络合(包括螯合)和形成不溶性化学沉淀的机制来吸收铅。通过比较不同模型的等温线,我们可以找到模型与实验数据之间最准确的匹配,并更好地理解相关过程的性质。
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来源期刊
Toxics
Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
10.90%
发文量
681
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.
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