{"title":"The Role of Copper in Alzheimer's Disease Etiopathogenesis: An Updated Systematic Review.","authors":"Angela Sabalic, Veronica Mei, Giuliana Solinas, Roberto Madeddu","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100755","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly. Although the etiology of AD is unknow, an increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP) leads to the toxic aggregation of Aβ plaques. Several factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, hormonal changes, and metal exposure, could increase the risk of developing AD. In this review, we will examine the role of copper (Cu) in the pathophysiology of AD, as well as the mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity and cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We performed a comprehensive literature analysis over the last ten years on AD and Cu. Only late-onset Alzheimer's disease was considered; only studies on elderly people of both sexes were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of seven articles were picked for this review, three studies focused on non-ceruloplasmin-bound Copper (non-Cp-Cu) and four on ceruloplasmin-bound Copper (Cp-Cu). The results showed higher Cu concentrations in patients compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated concentrations of Cu may contribute to the progression of AD, potentially interacting with ATP7B mutations, oxidative stress (OS), and amyloid-β plaques. Future research is needed to provide more robust evidence and better characterize the relationship between AD and Cu.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511397/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxics","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100755","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly. Although the etiology of AD is unknow, an increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP) leads to the toxic aggregation of Aβ plaques. Several factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, hormonal changes, and metal exposure, could increase the risk of developing AD. In this review, we will examine the role of copper (Cu) in the pathophysiology of AD, as well as the mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity and cognitive decline.
Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We performed a comprehensive literature analysis over the last ten years on AD and Cu. Only late-onset Alzheimer's disease was considered; only studies on elderly people of both sexes were included.
Results: A total of seven articles were picked for this review, three studies focused on non-ceruloplasmin-bound Copper (non-Cp-Cu) and four on ceruloplasmin-bound Copper (Cp-Cu). The results showed higher Cu concentrations in patients compared to healthy controls.
Conclusions: Elevated concentrations of Cu may contribute to the progression of AD, potentially interacting with ATP7B mutations, oxidative stress (OS), and amyloid-β plaques. Future research is needed to provide more robust evidence and better characterize the relationship between AD and Cu.
ToxicsChemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
10.90%
发文量
681
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍:
The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering:
The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil);
Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products;
Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans;
Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment;
Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.