Uranium and Radium in Groundwater and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Georgia Counties, USA: An Ecologic Study.

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Toxics Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI:10.3390/toxics12100705
Taylor Rooney, Lissa Soares, Tesleem Babalola, Alex Kensington, Jennie Williams, Jaymie R Meliker
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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer in the United States, with higher incidence rates among Black populations. Groundwater concentrations of natural radionuclides uranium and radium have seldom been investigated in relation to CRC despite their known carcinogenicity. We investigate spatial patterns of CRC by race, and in relation to groundwater concentrations of uranium and radium, testing the hypothesis that uranium and radium in groundwater might differentially contribute to incident CRC in Black and White populations in counties of Georgia, USA. Black populations showed a higher incidence of CRC than White populations; the median incident rate difference was 9.23 cases per 100,000 (95% CI: 2.14, 19.40). Spatial cluster analysis showed high incidence clusters of CRC in similar regions for Black and White populations. Linear regression indicated there are, on average, 1-2 additional cases of colorectal cancer in counties with higher levels of radium in their groundwater, irrespective of race. Uranium was not associated with CRC. This ecologic study suggests that radium in groundwater may be linked with increased incidence of CRC, although it did not explain higher CRC incidence rates in Black populations. Further studies are needed to verify this association given the inherent limitations in the ecologic study design and the crude exposure assessment.

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美国佐治亚州各县地下水中的铀和镭与大肠癌发病率:一项生态学研究。
结肠直肠癌(CRC)是美国第三大常见癌症,黑人的发病率更高。尽管天然放射性核素铀和镭具有已知的致癌性,但地下水中铀和镭的浓度与 CRC 的关系却很少被调查。我们按种族以及铀和镭的地下水浓度对 CRC 的空间模式进行了调查,检验了地下水中的铀和镭可能对美国佐治亚州各县的黑人和白人 CRC 发病率产生不同影响的假设。黑人的 CRC 发病率高于白人;中位数发病率差异为每 10 万人 9.23 例(95% CI:2.14, 19.40)。空间聚类分析显示,黑人和白人人口在相似地区的 CRC 发病率较高。线性回归表明,在地下水中镭含量较高的县,无论种族如何,平均会增加 1-2 例结直肠癌病例。铀与结直肠癌无关。这项生态学研究表明,地下水中的镭可能与结直肠癌发病率的增加有关,尽管它并不能解释黑人结直肠癌发病率较高的原因。鉴于生态研究设计和粗略暴露评估的固有局限性,还需要进一步的研究来验证这种关联。
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来源期刊
Toxics
Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
10.90%
发文量
681
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.
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