Use of Over-The-Counter Analgesics Is Associated with Pain, Stress, and Quality of Life in Norwegian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Children-Basel Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.3390/children11101247
Siv Skarstein, Sølvi Helseth, Milada Cvancarova, Kristin Haraldstad, Gudrun Rohde, Hilde Timenes Mikkelsen, Erik Grasaas
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Abstract

Introduction: Approximately 20% of Norwegian adolescents are frequently using Over-the-Counter Analgesics (OTCAs). The WHO emphasizes the need for research to identify the key determinants of health problems in adolescence. Thus, our aim was to describe and explore pain, stress, and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in Norwegian adolescents and investigate possible associations upon high/low usage of OTCAs. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 315 adolescents (92 boys, 223 girls) with an average age of 14.1 years (13-15 years). All participants reported using OTCAs. Weekly usage was categorized as high and less than weekly as low. Using a validated questionnaire, we explored the following variables: pain, as measured using the Brief Pain Inventory, stress (Perceived Stress Questionnaire), and HRQOL (KIDSSCREEN-27). Binary logistic regression models were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 27). Results: Our descriptive findings reveal that high users of OTCAs reported higher pain intensity of 3.4 (SD = 1.9) and perceived stress of 0.38 (SD = 0.18) compared to low users, who reported 2.5 (SD = 1.9) and 0.32 (SD = 0.16), respectively. High OTCA users reported lower average scores than low users across all HRQOL subscales. Binary logistic regression revealed 30% higher odds for higher levels of pain intensity and 14 times higher odds of perceived stress associated with being a high user of OTCAs compared to a low user. Conclusions: Our study shows significantly higher odds for experiencing pain and stress among adolescents using OTCAs daily-to-weekly, compared to those seldom using such medicines. Health professionals should be aware of young people who have a high consumption of OTCAs and investigate whether the use is related to pain or stress. This might be important in designing a personalized and appropriate intervention. Parents and caregivers have an important responsibility in supporting adolescents' appropriate pain management. Longitudinal studies are needed to better explore predictive factors of OTCA use in adolescents, particularly in relation to psychological variables such as stress and quality of life.

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挪威青少年使用非处方止痛药与疼痛、压力和生活质量有关:一项横断面研究
简介约有20%的挪威青少年经常使用非处方止痛药(OTCA)。世界卫生组织强调,有必要开展研究,以确定青少年健康问题的主要决定因素。因此,我们的目的是描述和探讨挪威青少年的疼痛、压力和与健康相关的生活质量(HRQOL),并调查非处方药使用量高/低之间可能存在的关联。研究方法这项横断面研究包括315名青少年(92名男生,223名女生),平均年龄为14.1岁(13-15岁)。所有参与者均表示使用过非处方药。每周使用量为高,少于每周为低。我们使用经过验证的问卷调查了以下变量:使用简易疼痛量表测量的疼痛、压力(感知压力问卷)和 HRQOL(KIDSSCREEN-27)。我们使用 IBM SPSS 统计(27 版)建立了二元逻辑回归模型。结果我们的描述性研究结果显示,OTCA 的高使用者报告的疼痛强度为 3.4(标准差 = 1.9),感知压力为 0.38(标准差 = 0.18),而低使用者报告的疼痛强度为 2.5(标准差 = 1.9),感知压力为 0.32(标准差 = 0.16)。在所有 HRQOL 分量表中,OTCA 使用量高者的平均得分均低于使用量低者。二元逻辑回归显示,与使用非处方药较少的人相比,使用非处方药较多的人疼痛强度较高的几率高出 30%,感知压力较高的几率高出 14 倍。结论:我们的研究表明,与很少使用非处方药的青少年相比,每天至每周使用非处方药的青少年经历疼痛和压力的几率明显更高。医疗专业人员应注意那些大量使用非处方药的青少年,并调查其使用是否与疼痛或压力有关。这对于设计个性化的适当干预措施可能非常重要。家长和照顾者在支持青少年适当控制疼痛方面负有重要责任。需要进行纵向研究,以更好地探索青少年使用非处方药的预测因素,特别是与压力和生活质量等心理变量有关的因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Children-Basel
Children-Basel PEDIATRICS-
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
16.70%
发文量
1735
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Children is an international, open access journal dedicated to a streamlined, yet scientifically rigorous, dissemination of peer-reviewed science related to childhood health and disease in developed and developing countries. The publication focuses on sharing clinical, epidemiological and translational science relevant to children’s health. Moreover, the primary goals of the publication are to highlight under‑represented pediatric disciplines, to emphasize interdisciplinary research and to disseminate advances in knowledge in global child health. In addition to original research, the journal publishes expert editorials and commentaries, clinical case reports, and insightful communications reflecting the latest developments in pediatric medicine. By publishing meritorious articles as soon as the editorial review process is completed, rather than at predefined intervals, Children also permits rapid open access sharing of new information, allowing us to reach the broadest audience in the most expedient fashion.
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