Factors associated with delayed admission to the burn unit: A major burn center’s experience

Abstract

Background

Timely admission to the burn unit is crucial. Ideal burn care requires prompt interventions such as wound and body temperature management, infection control, and fluid resuscitation to prevent complications like burn progression and infection. In this study, we identify specific factors and outcomes associated with delayed admission to a regional burn center.

Methods

Patients admitted to a large urban burn center from January 2015 to December 2023 were retrospectively queried, with subsequent collection of demographic and outcome variables from chart review. Descriptive statistics, Welch’s t-tests of unequal variances, and Chi-square analysis were performed. Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore the association between delayed admission and ICU stay, ventilator requirements, and mortality.

Results

A total of 3137 patients were included in the study. Approximately 63.4 % of patients were admitted within 24 h, while 36.6 % had a significant delay in care of over 24 h after injury. Male patients were likely to experience delayed admission (39.0 vs. 31.8 %, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in age between the two cohorts (38.6 vs. 39.7 years, p = 0.199). There was no significant difference in time to admission by racial background (p = 0.061). Total body surface area burned (TBSA) varied between the delayed and control cohorts (15.5$\pm$18.7 % vs. 8.2$\pm$12.9 %, p < 0.001). Patients who were single (p < 0.001) and lived alone (p = 0.011) were more likely to experience a delay in burn unit admission. Homelessness (p < 0.001), substance abuse disorder (p < 0.001), and uninsured status (p < 0.001) were also associated with delayed admission. In regression analysis when controlling for TBSA, delay in care was significantly associated with a greater requirement for ICU stay (p < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.021) but was not associated with increased mortality (p = 0.232).

Conclusion

Sociodemographic variables such as homelessness, lack of social support, and substance abuse are associated with delayed burn unit admission. Knowledge of these factors can inform future interventions to improve outcomes for vulnerable patients, promoting better recovery and long-term outcomes after burn injury.