The Gait Outcomes Assessment List (GOAL) questionnaire: Test-retest reliability and validity in children with cerebral palsy in Türkiye

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Gait & posture Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.10.009

Umut Apaydın , Unni Narayanan , Rabia Zorlular , Hatice Adıgüzel , Ramazan Yıldız , Ayşe Yıldız , Erkan Erol , Yasemin Apaydın , Bülent Elbasan

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Abstract

Background

Most questionnaires provide little information about children's or parents' views on functioning and do not attempt to understand their priorities or expectations. The Gait Outcomes Assessment List (GOAL) questionnaire was developed to fill this gap by identifying the most important goals of the patient and family for a gait intervention.

Research question

To investigate the test-retest reliability and concurrent and discriminant validity of the GOAL questionnaire in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Türkiye.

Methods

In this study, we included 81 children with CP aged 5–18 years and their families. The parent and child version 5.0 of the GOAL was used. Standardized item, domain and total (across all domains) GOAL scores were calculated for each participant. Test-retest reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) was used for validation.

Results

The mean age of the children was 10.4 ± 3.3 years (range 5–18), and 64.2 % were boys. The test–retest reliability was excellent for the GOAL-Child and GOAL-Parent total GOAL scores (ICC: 0.97 for the child and ICC: 0.96 for the parent). All standard errors of measurement (SEMs) for domain scores and total scores were fewer than 20 points. The children's total scores on the GOAL questionnaire showed a significant difference between the GMFCS levels (p <0.001). The parents’ total scores on the GOAL questionnaires also showed a significant difference between the GMFCS levels (p <0.001). There were moderate positive correlations between the GOAL child and parent questionnaire total scores and the FAQ walking level according to Spearman’s rho (GOAL child and FAQ walking rho: 0.66, p<0.001; GOAL parent and FAQ walking rho: 0.58, p<0.001).

Significance

The results demonstrate that the child and parent versions of the GOAL 5.0 are valid and reliable for the comprehensive assessment of Turkish children with CP.

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步态结果评估表 (GOAL) 问卷：土耳其脑瘫儿童的重复测试可靠性和有效性。

背景：大多数问卷很少提供有关儿童或家长对功能的看法的信息，也不试图了解他们的优先事项或期望。步态结果评估清单（GOAL）问卷旨在通过确定患者和家属对步态干预的最重要目标来填补这一空白：研究问题：调查 GOAL 问卷在土耳其脑瘫（CP）儿童中的重复测试可靠性、并发有效性和判别有效性：在这项研究中，我们纳入了 81 名 5-18 岁的 CP 儿童及其家庭。使用的是 5.0 版 GOAL 家长和儿童问卷。为每位参与者计算标准化的项目、领域和总分（所有领域）。通过类内相关系数（ICC）对测试-再测可靠性进行评估。吉列功能评估问卷（FAQ）用于验证：儿童的平均年龄为 10.4 ± 3.3 岁（5-18 岁不等），64.2% 为男孩。GOAL-儿童总分和GOAL-家长总分的重测可靠性极佳（儿童ICC：0.97，家长ICC：0.96）。所有领域得分和总分的测量标准误差（SEM）均小于 20 分。儿童在 GOAL 问卷中的总分在 GMFCS 水平之间存在显著差异（p 显著性）：结果表明，GOAL 5.0 的儿童版和家长版在对土耳其脊髓灰质炎儿童进行综合评估时是有效和可靠的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Gait & posture 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

12.50%

发文量

616

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Gait & Posture is a vehicle for the publication of up-to-date basic and clinical research on all aspects of locomotion and balance. The topics covered include: Techniques for the measurement of gait and posture, and the standardization of results presentation; Studies of normal and pathological gait; Treatment of gait and postural abnormalities; Biomechanical and theoretical approaches to gait and posture; Mathematical models of joint and muscle mechanics; Neurological and musculoskeletal function in gait and posture; The evolution of upright posture and bipedal locomotion; Adaptations of carrying loads, walking on uneven surfaces, climbing stairs etc; spinal biomechanics only if they are directly related to gait and/or posture and are of general interest to our readers; The effect of aging and development on gait and posture; Psychological and cultural aspects of gait; Patient education.