Gait & posture最新文献

Markerless motion capture affects talocrural joint frontal plane interpretation 无标记动作捕捉影响距肢关节前缘平面解释

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110107

Hui Tang , Barry Munkasy , Li Li

Background

Motion analysis is critical for understanding injury mechanisms and enhancing prevention and rehabilitation strategies in sports medicine. Although conventional marker-based motion capture is effective for detailed biomechanical assessment, it is time-consuming, restricted to controlled environments, and susceptible to human error. Markerless motion capture offers greater convenience, enabling efficient data collection and on-site analysis. Nevertheless, its reliability for clinical applications requires validation.

Research question

This study investigates whether using the Theia3D markerless motion capture system yields different interpretations of subtalar joint kinematics during running compared to a marker-based system.

Methods

Fifteen recreational runners free of neuromuscular or musculoskeletal impairments were recruited. Previously collected treadmill running data were reprocessed using the updated Theia3D software, and the resulting subtalar joint kinematics were compared to those from the marker-based system. Statistical parametric mapping analysis and two-way within-subject repeated measures analysis of variance were used to determine differences between the two systems.

Results

Statistical parametric mapping revealed that Theia3D had systematic biases during different running speeds: overestimated subtalar frontal plane joint range of motion, maximal angular velocity, and maximal acceleration in the frontal plane compared to the marker-based system.

Significance

Given the association between subtalar joint kinematics and running-related injuries, we conclude that Theia3D provides convenience for clinical biomechanical studies but requires cautious interpretation for injury prediction and rehabilitation practices.

在运动医学中，运动分析对于理解损伤机制和加强预防和康复策略至关重要。尽管传统的基于标记的动作捕捉对于详细的生物力学评估是有效的，但它耗时，受控制环境的限制，并且容易受到人为错误的影响。无标记动作捕捉提供了更大的便利，实现了高效的数据收集和现场分析。然而，其临床应用的可靠性需要验证。研究问题：本研究调查了在跑步过程中，与基于标记的系统相比，使用Theia3D无标记运动捕捉系统是否会产生不同的距下关节运动学解释。方法招募15名无神经肌肉或肌肉骨骼损伤的休闲跑步者。先前收集的跑步机运行数据使用更新的Theia3D软件进行重新处理，并将所得的距下关节运动学与基于标记系统的结果进行比较。采用统计参数映射分析和双向受试者重复测量方差分析来确定两个系统之间的差异。结果统计参数映射显示，与基于标记的系统相比，Theia3D在不同跑步速度下存在系统性偏差：高估距下额平面关节运动范围、最大角速度和额平面最大加速度。考虑到距下关节运动学与跑步相关损伤之间的联系，我们得出结论，Theia3D为临床生物力学研究提供了便利，但在损伤预测和康复实践中需要谨慎的解释。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of vision and multiple cognitive tasks on pre-landing and early landing mechanics associated with ACL loading 视觉和多重认知任务对与ACL负荷相关的着陆前和早期着陆机制的影响

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110106

Ling Li , Yu Song , Peyton Hatcher , Raychl Fairbanks , Jefferson Danso , Gerwyn Hughes , Boyi Dai

Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur during landing tasks when visual information is limited and attentional resources are divided.

Purpose

This study examined how the absence of vision and multiple cognitive tasks influenced pre-landing and early landing mechanics associated with ACL loading.

Methods

Thirty-four recreationally active college students with jump-landing sports experience performed single-leg drop landings under eight conditions: vision or no vision combined with no cognitive task, backward counting, tone counting, or both cognitive tasks simultaneously.

Results

The absence of vision delayed the timing of minimal knee flexion during the pre-landing phase. It also increased peak vertical ground reaction forces during early landing, reflecting altered preparation and impact mechanics compared with vision. Cognitive tasks generally reduced maximal knee flexion angles, and backward counting in particular lowered knee flexion at initial contact. Tone counting reduced average knee flexion angular velocity and knee flexion range of motion during the early landing phase compared with the no-task and backward-counting conditions and increased the internal knee extension moment compared with the backward-counting task. The two cognitive task condition did not exacerbate ACL loading variables and instead lowered peak vertical ground reaction forces relative to no-task trials, suggesting a conservative landing strategy under high attentional demands.

Conclusion

Overall, the absence of vision had a stronger influence on ACL loading–related mechanics than cognitive load. Cognitive tasks altered both sagittal and transverse plane strategies, but their effects were non-linear. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating visual constraints and secondary tasks into screening and prevention protocols to better simulate sport environments.

背景前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤常发生在着陆任务中视觉信息有限、注意力资源分散的情况下。目的：本研究探讨了视觉缺失和多重认知任务如何影响与ACL负荷相关的着陆前和早期着陆机制。方法对34名具有娱乐活动经验的大学生进行单腿起落实验，实验条件为：有视觉或无视觉合并无认知任务、向后计数、声调计数、两种认知任务同时进行。结果失视延迟了着陆前膝关节屈曲的时间。在早期着陆时，它还增加了垂直地面反作用力的峰值，这反映了与视觉相比，准备和撞击力学发生了变化。认知任务通常降低最大膝关节屈曲角度，特别是在初次接触时降低膝关节屈曲。与无任务和向后计数相比，音调计数降低了着陆前期的平均膝关节屈曲角速度和膝关节屈曲运动幅度，与向后计数相比，音调计数增加了膝关节内伸力矩。与无任务试验相比，两种认知任务条件均没有加重ACL负荷变量，反而降低了垂直地面反力峰值，提示高注意力要求下的保守着陆策略。结论总体而言，视力缺失对前交叉韧带负荷相关机制的影响大于认知负荷。认知任务改变了矢状面和横向策略，但其影响是非线性的。这些发现强调了将视觉限制和次要任务纳入筛查和预防方案以更好地模拟运动环境的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of rebound therapy in Parkinson’s disease: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial 反跳疗法对帕金森病的影响：一项单盲随机对照试验

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110105

Sefa Eldemir , Elif Aygun Polat , Cagatay Muslim Gokdogan , Kader Eldemir , Arzu Guclu-Gunduz , Rezzak Yilmaz , Muhittin Cenk Akbostancı , Gokhan Yazici

Background

The ongoing search for more effective exercise approaches for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) persists, despite the potential benefits of exercise in improving balance and gait. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of rebound therapy on balance, gait, knee strength, activities of daily living, and motor symptoms in PwPD.

Materials

Seventeen 17 PwPD (aged 40–80 years, Hoehn & Yahr stage I-III) were randomly assigned into two groups. The rebound group received rebound therapy that performed 9 task-oriented exercises on the trampoline, two days/week for six weeks. The stable surface group received the same exercises on the stable surface twice days/week for six weeks. The groups were compared regarding their performances in balance, gait, knee strength, activities of daily living, and motor symptoms parameters.

Results

There were significant interaction effects (time × group) for the non-dominant side 60°/sec knee extension strength (F=6.874, p = 0.020). There were no significant interaction effects (time × group) for any other variables. Within-group comparisons revealed that both groups significantly improved UPDRS-II/III and total scores postural stability test, and in all m-CTSIB scores excluding eyes open-firm surface and eyes closed-foam surface scores, and stride length (p < 0.05). Additionally, the Rebound group showed significant improvements in other m-CTSIB scores, gait speed, dominant side single support phase, non-dominant side 60°/sec knee strength, and dominant side 180°/sec extension strength (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study found that a six-week rebound therapy program led to significant improvements in balance, gait, and strength in PD. However, when directly compared to the stable surface exercise, rebound therapy was not statistically superior for the vast majority of outcomes. Consequently, both modalities appear to be comparably effective for improving motor function in PD.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (ID:NCT05855161).

背景：尽管运动在改善平衡和步态方面有潜在的好处，但对帕金森病（PwPD）患者更有效的运动方法的研究仍在继续。本研究旨在探讨反跳疗法对PwPD患者平衡、步态、膝关节力量、日常生活活动和运动症状的影响。材料：17 17例PwPD患者（年龄40 ~ 80岁，Hoehn & Yahr分期i ~ iii期）随机分为两组。反弹组接受反弹治疗，在蹦床上进行9次任务导向练习，每周2天，持续6周。稳定面组在稳定面上进行相同的运动，每周2天，连续6周。比较各组在平衡、步态、膝关节力量、日常生活活动和运动症状参数方面的表现。结果：非优势侧60°/秒膝关节伸展强度存在显著交互效应（时间×组）（F=6.874, p = 0.020）。其他变量均无显著交互效应（时间×组）。组内比较显示，两组均显著改善了UPDRS-II/III和姿势稳定性测试总分，以及所有m-CTSIB评分（不包括眼睛开-硬面和闭-泡沫面评分）和步幅（p ）。结论：本研究发现，为期六周的反弹治疗方案显著改善了PD患者的平衡、步态和力量。然而，当与稳定的表面运动直接比较时，反弹疗法在绝大多数结果上并不具有统计学上的优势。因此，两种方式似乎对改善PD的运动功能相当有效。试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov （ID:NCT05855161）。

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引用次数: 0

Design, mechanical evaluation, and wear trial of 3D printed insole for plantar off-loading in older adults with diabetes 老年糖尿病患者足底卸荷3D打印鞋垫的设计、机械评估和磨损试验

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110102

Karolyn Ning , Mei-Ying Kwan , Kit-Lun Yick

Background

Up to 15 % of people with diabetes are at risk of developing a foot ulcer. Diabetic insoles are crucial for preventing foot ulcers by redistributing plantar pressure and increasing contact area. This study investigated the effects of novel insoles made with three-dimensional (3D) printed auxetic structure in older adults with diabetes.

Research question

What are the effects of insoles on plantar off-loading, pressure distribution and mechanical properties in older adults with diabetes, as evaluated using a novel 3D printed auxetic-structured insole and compared to conventional insoles?

Methods

Twenty-three elderly patients with diabetes were recruited as research subjects to evaluate the plantar off-loading effect of the insole prototype while walking. A total of seven 3D printed reentrant structures with varying internal angles and beam sizes were fabricated and evaluated. The differences in foot contact area and plantar pressure distribution were compared with conventional insoles. The mechanical properties of the heel pad material, especially its force absorption and compression properties were also evaluated.

Results

The mean peak pressure (MPP) has been reduced by using diabetic insoles during walking. Compared to the commercial diabetic insole, the 3D printed insole shows a reduction of MPP up to 30.7 % which is also able to maintain the most evenly distributed plantar pressure by a 19.7 % increase of contact area with the midfoot.

Significance

The capability of 3D printing on making insoles with 3D geometries that fit the human plantar surface was confirmed. The proposed 3D printed insole reliably alleviates peak plantar pressure based on laboratory findings and future long-term follow-up studies are necessary to confirm these benefits in daily life activities. The output of the study could also extend to the development of customized insole orthosis to prevent the development of diabetic foot ulcers.

高达15% %的糖尿病患者有患足部溃疡的风险。糖尿病鞋垫通过重新分配足底压力和增加接触面积，对预防足溃疡至关重要。本研究探讨了三维（3D）打印的新型鞋垫对老年糖尿病患者的影响。研究问题：与传统鞋垫相比，使用新型3D打印塑形结构鞋垫评估鞋垫对老年糖尿病患者足底卸荷、压力分布和机械性能有何影响？方法以23例老年糖尿病患者为研究对象，评价步行时鞋垫原型的卸足效果。共制作和评估了七个具有不同内角和梁尺寸的3D打印可入式结构。比较了与常规鞋垫在足部接触面积和足底压力分布上的差异。对鞋垫材料的力学性能，特别是吸力性能和压缩性能进行了评价。结果使用糖尿病足垫可降低步行时的平均峰值压（MPP）。与商业糖尿病鞋垫相比，3D打印鞋垫显示MPP降低高达30.7% %，并且能够通过与中足的接触面积增加19.7% %来保持最均匀分布的足底压力。意义：验证了3D打印制作符合人体足底表面三维几何形状的鞋垫的能力。根据实验结果，3D打印鞋垫可以可靠地缓解足底压力峰值，未来的长期随访研究需要在日常生活活动中证实这些益处。本研究的成果也可以扩展到定制鞋垫矫形器的开发，以防止糖尿病足溃疡的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive decline outweighs adiposity in influencing lower limb gait kinematics in older adults 认知能力下降在影响老年人下肢步态运动学方面超过肥胖

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110104

S.L. Gorniak , H. Meng

Introduction

Increased adiposity and cognitive impairments are both associated with gait changes in older adults; however, their combined impact on gait kinematics has not been specifically examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined contribution of adiposity and cognitive impairment to gait alterations in older adults.

Methods

A total of 30 older adults with body mass index (BMI) values ranging from 18.5 kg/m² (normal weight) to 40.0 kg/m² (class 2 obesity) were recruited for this study. In session one, anthropometric data were collected. In session two, cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and a verbal N-back task. Gait kinematics were evaluated during over-ground walking.

Results

Ankle kinematics were significantly affected by attention, abstraction, and adiposity measures. Hip kinematics were significantly associated with attention, whereas knee kinematics were primarily associated with working memory. No effects of adiposity were observed in hip or knee kinematics.

Discussion

This study found that cognitive impairments were more consistently associated with gait kinematics in older adults. However, adiposity only was associated with ankle kinematics, suggesting that central adiposity may influence distal joint control. These findings underscore the regulatory role of executive function in gait and suggest that interventions targeting cognition may have a greater impact on mobility in aging populations than those focused solely on adiposity.

Conclusion

Cognitive impairments in key executive function domains (attention, abstraction, and working memory) have a stronger impact on gait in older adults than adiposity.

在老年人中，肥胖增加和认知障碍都与步态改变有关；然而，它们对步态运动学的综合影响尚未得到专门研究。这项研究的目的是调查肥胖和认知障碍对老年人步态改变的共同贡献。方法共招募30名体重指数（BMI）在18.5 kg/m2（正常体重）至40.0 kg/m2（2级肥胖）之间的老年人进行研究。在第一阶段，收集人体测量数据。在第二阶段，使用蒙特利尔认知评估和口头N-back任务来评估认知功能。在地上行走时评估步态运动学。结果踝关节运动学受到注意、抽象和肥胖措施的显著影响。髋关节运动学与注意力显著相关，而膝关节运动学主要与工作记忆相关。在髋关节或膝关节运动学方面没有观察到肥胖的影响。本研究发现，老年人的认知障碍与步态运动学更为一致。然而，肥胖只与踝关节运动学有关，这表明中枢性肥胖可能影响远端关节控制。这些发现强调了执行功能在步态中的调节作用，并表明针对认知的干预措施可能比仅针对肥胖的干预措施对老年人的行动能力有更大的影响。结论老年人关键执行功能域（注意、抽象和工作记忆）的认知障碍对步态的影响大于肥胖。

{"title":"Cognitive decline outweighs adiposity in influencing lower limb gait kinematics in older adults","authors":"S.L. Gorniak , H. Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Increased adiposity and cognitive impairments are both associated with gait changes in older adults; however, their combined impact on gait kinematics has not been specifically examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined contribution of adiposity and cognitive impairment to gait alterations in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 30 older adults with body mass index (BMI) values ranging from 18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (normal weight) to 40.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (class 2 obesity) were recruited for this study. In session one, anthropometric data were collected. In session two, cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and a verbal N-back task. Gait kinematics were evaluated during over-ground walking.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ankle kinematics were significantly affected by attention, abstraction, and adiposity measures. Hip kinematics were significantly associated with attention, whereas knee kinematics were primarily associated with working memory. No effects of adiposity were observed in hip or knee kinematics.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study found that cognitive impairments were more consistently associated with gait kinematics in older adults. However, adiposity only was associated with ankle kinematics, suggesting that central adiposity may influence distal joint control. These findings underscore the regulatory role of executive function in gait and suggest that interventions targeting cognition may have a greater impact on mobility in aging populations than those focused solely on adiposity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cognitive impairments in key executive function domains (attention, abstraction, and working memory) have a stronger impact on gait in older adults than adiposity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 110104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-task effects on spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters and their variability during running 双任务对时空、运动学和动力学参数的影响及其在跑步过程中的可变性

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110103

Hsiang-Ling Teng , Jo Armour Smith , Will F.W. Wu

Background

Running in real-world environments often requires using cognitive resources simultaneously with the motor task (dual tasking, DT). Limited existing evidence suggests that DT reduces running speed. Movement variability is essential for a healthy, adaptable motor system. DT has been shown to affect movement variability during walking. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how DT affects spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters and their variability during running.

Research question

Does DT affect spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic measures and their variability during running? Does running speed influence DT effects?

Methods

Thirty-one asymptomatic runners participated in this cross-sectional study. Three-dimensional running biomechanics were recorded while participants ran on a treadmill at three speeds (prefer, slow, and fast) with and without performing easy and hard cognitive tasks. Mean and variability of cadence and step length, as well as peak joint angles and moments in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes associated with running injuries, were exported for analysis.

Results

There were significant DT effects on peak knee adduction and pelvis ipsilateral drop angles. Findings also indicated significant DT effects on stride-to-stride variability of peak hip flexion, extension, and adduction, knee flexion and adduction, ankle plantar flexion, and pelvis ipsilateral drop angles, as well as peak knee abductor and ankle plantar flexor moments. Pairwise comparison revealed that runners exhibited lower variability when simultaneously performing a hard cognitive task than running alone. No significant task-by-speed interaction effect was observed, indicating DT effects were not affected by running speeds.

Significance

Runners demonstrated lower stride-to-stride variability in joint kinematics and kinetics during DT running. This suggests that runners may be less adaptable and thus more susceptible to running injuries under DT conditions. Future evaluation and intervention programs for runners may consider integrating DT condition, which is commonly missing in current practices.

在现实环境中跑步通常需要同时使用认知资源和运动任务（双重任务，DT）。有限的现有证据表明，DT会降低跑步速度。运动可变性对健康、适应性强的运动系统至关重要。DT已被证明会影响行走时的运动变异性。尽管如此，目前尚不清楚DT如何影响时空、运动学和动力学参数及其在跑步过程中的可变性。研究问题：DT在跑步过程中是否会影响时空、运动学和动力学测量及其变异性？跑步速度会影响DT效果吗？方法对31例无症状跑步者进行横断面研究。当参与者在跑步机上以三种速度（偏好、慢速和快速）跑步时，有或没有执行简单和困难的认知任务，三维跑步生物力学被记录下来。输出与跑步损伤相关的节奏和步长的平均值和可变性，以及矢状面、额面和横面的峰值关节角和力矩，以进行分析。结果DT对膝关节内收峰和骨盆同侧落角有显著影响。研究结果还表明，DT对髋关节屈曲、伸展和内收、膝关节屈曲和内收、足底踝关节屈曲、骨盆同侧落角以及膝关节外展和足底屈肌峰值力矩的跨步变异性有显著影响。两两比较显示，与单独跑步相比，跑步者在同时执行一项艰巨的认知任务时表现出更低的可变性。没有观察到显著的任务-速度交互效应，表明DT效应不受跑步速度的影响。在DT跑步过程中，跑步者在关节运动学和动力学方面表现出较低的跨步变异性。这表明跑步者可能适应性较差，因此更容易在DT条件下受伤。未来对跑步者的评估和干预计划可能会考虑整合DT条件，这在目前的实践中通常是缺失的。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of marker set configurations in the measurement of hip axial rotation in ballet turnout 标记组配置对芭蕾道岔髋轴向旋转测量的影响

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110101

Maria Isabel V. Orselli , Luciana C. Manfrim , Bianca Meneses Portela , Matheus Moutinho , Flora Moreira Pitta , Paolo Caravaggi , Isabel C.N. Sacco

Background

The hip is the main contributor to turnout, a key element in classical ballet involving large external rotations of the lower limb. Measuring hip axial rotation during turnout using skin-markers is challenging due to substantial soft tissue artifacts in the thigh. These measurements depend on the chosen thigh marker set, and no consensus exists on the most suitable configuration for large hip motions. We hypothesized that soft tissue artifacts would significantly affect hip rotation measurements obtained by different marker-set protocols.

Methods

This study compared three marker set protocols for assessing hip axial rotation during the Assemblé Dessus jump in 17 experienced ballet dancers. A rectangular rigid-cluster (CC) positioned in the thigh mid-lateral portion and a custom-designed wedge-shaped cluster (WC) positioned on the distal portion of the iliotibial band were compared to the Vicon’s Plug-in-Gait (PIG) markers’ protocol. Data was tracked via an 8-camera motion capture system, and Visual 3D was used to calculate hip rotation from the three marker sets. Statistical parametric mapping and one-way ANOVA were used to assess the effect of the marker set on hip rotations.

Results

The choice of marker set significantly affected hip axial rotation measurements. PIG provided less reliable estimates than CC and WC, and an offset between WC and CC measurements was observed which may be due to skin twisting caused by a constant torsional load on the thigh.

Conclusions

Based on these findings, a rigid cluster protocol may be more suitable to assess larger hip axial rotations, such as in the ballet turnout. However, careful consideration should be given to the cluster proximal-distal location when comparing inter-session data.

髋部是投票率的主要贡献者，是古典芭蕾中涉及下肢大的外部旋转的关键因素。由于大腿中存在大量的软组织伪影，因此使用皮肤标记物测量道道线期间的髋关节轴向旋转具有挑战性。这些测量取决于所选择的大腿标记装置，对于髋部剧烈运动的最合适配置尚无共识。我们假设软组织伪影会显著影响通过不同标记集协议获得的髋关节旋转测量值。方法本研究比较了17名经验丰富的芭蕾舞者在组合跳时髋轴向旋转的三种标记集方案。将位于大腿中外侧部分的矩形刚性簇（CC）和位于髂胫束远端部分的定制楔形簇（WC）与Vicon的插入式步态（PIG）标记物方案进行比较。数据通过一个8摄像头运动捕捉系统跟踪，并使用Visual 3D从三个标记集计算髋关节旋转。采用统计参数映射和单因素方差分析来评估标记集对髋关节旋转的影响。结果标志物组的选择对髋关节轴向旋转测量有显著影响。与CC和WC相比，PIG提供的估计值不太可靠，并且WC和CC测量结果之间存在偏移，这可能是由于大腿上恒定的扭转载荷引起的皮肤扭曲。基于这些发现，刚性集群方案可能更适合于评估较大的髋关节轴向旋转，例如在芭蕾表演中。然而，在比较会话间数据时，应仔细考虑簇的近端-远端位置。

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引用次数: 0

The single-leg sit-to-stand test is valid and reliable for assessing lower limb performance and asymmetry in international cross-country skiers 单腿坐立测试是评估国际越野滑雪运动员下肢表现和不对称的有效和可靠的方法。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110100

Mürşit Ceyhun Birinci , Yücel Makaracı , Buket Sevindik Aktaş , Gökhan Atasever , Juan D. Ruiz-Cárdenas

Objective

To evaluate the validity and test–retest reliability of single-leg sit-to-stand (SLSTS) performance metrics derived from a mobile application in elite cross-country skiing (XCS) athletes.

Design

Cross-sectional, repeated-measures.

Setting

Laboratory, field.

Participants

22 international-level XCS athletes (13 females, 9 males; median age: 18 yrs).

Main outcome measures

SLSTS rising time, velocity, power, and inter-limb asymmetry were collected across two sessions separated by three days. Isokinetic knee extension peak torque and countermovement jump (CMJ) height were assessed to establish convergent and construct validity, respectively. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC_2,1) and coefficient of variation (CV). Validity was assessed using Pearson correlations.

Results

SLSTS metrics demonstrated good inter-day reliability (ICC_2,1 = 0.81–0.89; CV = 6.1–9.9 %) for both limbs, with no differences in inter-limb asymmetry between sessions. These metrics showed moderate convergent validity (|r| = 0.34–0.54) with isokinetic peak torque, and moderate–strong construct validity (|r| = 0.46–0.75) with CMJ height. Notably, the strength of the associations with CMJ height was comparable to those observed between isokinetic torque and CMJ height (Steiger’s Z-test, p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The app-based SLSTS is a reliable and valid alternative for assessing lower-limb performance and asymmetry in elite XCS athletes when laboratory-based assessments are not feasible.

目的：评估基于移动应用程序的单腿坐立（SLSTS）成绩指标在优秀越野滑雪（XCS）运动员中的效度和重测信度。设计：横断面，重复测量。设置：实验室、野外。参与者：22名国际水平的XCS运动员（女13名，男9名，中位年龄：18 岁）。主要结果测量：SLSTS上升时间、速度、力量和肢间不对称性在间隔三天的两个疗程中收集。评估等速膝关节伸展峰值扭矩和反运动跳跃高度，分别建立收敛效度和构建效度。采用类内相关系数（ICC2,1）和变异系数（CV）确定信度。使用Pearson相关性评估效度。结果：SLSTS指标对四肢表现出良好的日间信度（ICC2,1 = 0.81-0.89; CV = 6.1-9.9 %），两组间肢体间不对称无差异。这些指标具有中等趋同效度（|r| = 0.34-0.54），具有等速峰值扭矩；具有中强建构效度（|r| = 0.46-0.75），具有CMJ高度。值得注意的是，与CMJ高度相关的强度与等速扭矩和CMJ高度之间的相关性相当（Steiger's z检验，p > 0.05）。结论：在实验室评估不可行的情况下，基于应用程序的SLSTS是评估优秀XCS运动员下肢运动和不对称性的可靠有效的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Recovery from perturbation is highly individual and similar between different perturbation types and metrics: A dynamical systems perspective of flexibility in walking gait 从扰动中恢复是高度个性化的，在不同的扰动类型和度量之间是相似的：步行步态灵活性的动态系统视角

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110099

J.R. Lawrence Kwek , John Komar , Genevieve K.R. Williams , Jia Yi Chow

Background

Flexibility refers to how individuals can adopt alternative solutions to regain or maintain regular walking patterns when constraints are modified. Flexibility is an important yet still emerging characteristic of motor coordination.

Research questions

In walking gait, what are the characteristics of flexibility?

Methods

Twenty male participants (age 21–30) walked on a split-belt treadmill. Sudden perturbations in the form of belt accelerations or decelerations (direction) during mid-stance phase were applied at pseudo-random intervals (20–30 stride cycles). Kinematic data of the lower body were collected using Vicon motion capture.

To represent flexibility, Continuous Relative Phase (CRP) variability was calculated for ankle-knee and knee-hip and pelvis-trunk couplings. The relaxation time of CRP variability after perturbation was used to evaluate the main effects of participant, successive perturbations, CRP coupling and perturbation direction. The relaxation time was considered as a component of how flexibility was channelled after perturbation.

Repeated measures ANOVA and a univariate analysis was conducted to determine main effects on relaxation time.

Results

Significant main effects of participant and the effect of successive perturbations were observed, while CRP coupling and perturbation direction did not have an effect on relaxation time.

Significance: During perturbed walking on a treadmill, the response to perturbation was individual specific, a practice effect to the perturbation was present, and relaxation time did not differ by coupling or perturbation direction. This study provides a foundation for future studies to examine aspects of flexibility during walking, which can be applied to different participant populations.

灵活性是指当约束条件改变时，个人如何采用替代解决方案来恢复或保持正常的步行模式。柔韧性是运动协调的一个重要特征。研究问题：在行走步态中，柔韧性有哪些特点？方法20名男性参与者（21-30岁）在分离带跑步机上行走。在站立中期以伪随机间隔（20-30 步幅周期）施加皮带加速或减速（方向）形式的突然扰动。采用Vicon运动捕捉技术采集下体运动数据。为了表示灵活性，计算了踝关节-膝关节、膝关节-髋关节和骨盆-躯干耦合的连续相对相位（CRP）变异性。用扰动后CRP变异性的松弛时间来评价参与者、连续扰动、CRP耦合和扰动方向的主要影响。松弛时间被认为是扰动后柔韧性如何被引导的一个组成部分。采用重复测量方差分析和单变量分析来确定放松时间的主要影响因素。结果参与者的主效应和连续扰动的效应显著，而CRP耦合和扰动方向对弛豫时间没有影响。意义：在跑步机上扰动行走时，对扰动的反应是个体特异性的，对扰动存在练习效应，松弛时间不受耦合或扰动方向的影响。本研究为未来的研究提供了基础，以检查步行时的灵活性方面，这可以应用于不同的参与者人群。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of multiple levels of visual occlusion on static postural control 多层视觉遮挡对静态体位控制的影响。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110098

Serkan Uzlasir , Joshua S. Mohess , Erik A. Wikstrom

Background

Stroboscopic vision (SV) is a novel modality that modulates visual input and can impair postural control due to the resulting visual occlusion. SV tools have multiple levels of visual occlusion (i.e. difficulty) but our understanding of how both instrumented and clinical measures of postural control are impacted by different levels of visual occlusion remain extremely limited. A systematic evaluation across multiple levels within the same cohort is necessary to understand the dose response that could be deployed in applied scenarios.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of SV on instrumented and clinical measures of static postural control.

Methods

Thirty healthy individuals performed a single limb static balance task under six visual conditions: eyes open (EO), SV 2, SV 4, SV 6, and SV 8, and eyes closed (EC). Postural control was assessed via the 95 % confidence ellipse, center of pressure velocity, and a count of movement errors.

Results

All levels of SV resulted in significantly worse objective static postural control relative to the EO condition (p < 0.001). SV levels resulted in 95 % confidence ellipse but not center of pressure velocity values that were comparable to EC balance. No differences were noted among levels of SV (p > 0.05) for instrumented postural control. Only SV 6 resulted in worse clinically measured balance relative to EO (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

All levels of visual occlusion impair postural control but impairment magnitude is dependent on the outcome measure. Instrumented outcomes are more sensitive to SV effects than clinical outcomes.

背景：频闪视觉（SV）是一种新颖的视觉模式，它调节视觉输入，并可能由于产生的视觉遮挡而损害姿势控制。SV工具有多个水平的视觉阻塞（即难度），但我们对不同水平的视觉阻塞如何影响姿势控制的仪器和临床测量的理解仍然非常有限。有必要对同一队列中的多个水平进行系统评估，以了解在应用情景中可能部署的剂量反应。目的：探讨不同水平的SV对静态体位控制的仪器测量和临床测量的影响。方法：30名健康受试者在睁眼（EO）、睁眼2、睁眼4、睁眼6、睁眼8和闭眼（EC） 6种视觉条件下进行单肢静态平衡任务。姿势控制通过95% %置信度椭圆、压力速度中心和运动误差计数来评估。结果：所有水平的SV均导致客观静态体位控制较EO状态差（p  0.05）。只有sv6导致临床测量的平衡相对于EO更差（p ）结论：所有水平的视觉阻塞损害姿势控制，但损害程度取决于结果测量。仪器结果对SV效应比临床结果更敏感。

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引用次数: 0