Gait & posture最新文献

Age-related trajectories of muscle strength and power in individuals with cerebral palsy and the relationship to walking capacity

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.028

Mattie E. Pontiff , Noelle G. Moreau

Background

Cessation of walking is a consequence of aging in many individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Muscle strength and power are associated with walking capacity in those with CP. However, the age-related trajectories in strength and power and how they compare to trajectories of those with typical development (TD) are unknown. Additionally, determining which measure of muscle performance (strength or power) is more closely associated with walk capacity may guide clinical assessments of muscle performance that are most meaningful to mobility in those with CP.

Research question

Do the associations between age and muscle performance differ between individuals with CP and TD? Is muscle power more strongly associated with walking capacity compared to muscle strength in those with CP?

Methods

Age-related differences in muscle strength and power between individuals with CP (n = 66, 13.5 ± 4.8 years, GMFCS I–IV) and TD (n = 42, 16.8 ± 6.1 years) were examined with linear regression and ANCOVA. Associations between measures of walking capacity and strength and power were evaluated with Pearson’s (r).

Results

Linear regression between muscle strength and power with age was statistically significant in both groups. Age-related changes in strength and power were significantly greater in TD compared to CP. Linear regression between normalized strength and power with age was significant in those with TD but not in CP. All measures of walking capacity were significantly associated with both strength and power, but muscle power was more strongly correlated (p < 0.05).

Significance

Although age-related changes were observed in both groups, individuals with TD demonstrated greater age-related changes in muscle power and strength than those with CP. After normalizing by body mass, no age-related changes were observed in CP, suggesting that gains in power and strength are insufficient to offset increases in body mass with age. Muscle power had a stronger relationship to walking capacity than strength.

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引用次数: 0

Time-frequency analysis of muscle activation patterns in individuals with chronic ankle instability during walking

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.04.002

Jaeho Jang , Hoon Kim , Erik A. Wikstrom

Background

Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit altered walking mechanics, including changes in joint movement and muscle activation patterns at the ankle. However, amplitude-based analyses of muscle activation during walking have shown inconsistent results between individuals with CAI and uninjured controls. Time-frequency analyses can capture transient and frequency-specific muscle activation patterns that amplitude-based analyses may overlook, offering deeper insights into muscle function during dynamic activities.

Research question

Do individuals with CAI demonstrate increased low-frequency muscle activation and decreased high-frequency activation in the time-frequency domain compared to uninjured individuals during walking at their self-selected speed?

Methods

Nineteen individuals with CAI and 19 uninjured controls completed a walking trial on a force-measuring treadmill at their self-selected speed while electromyography sensors recorded muscle activity from the shank muscles. We used wavelet transformation to perform time-frequency decomposition of muscle activation data, then applied principal component analysis to extract unique signal features and compared principal component scores between groups.

Results

Individuals with CAI exhibited significantly greater intensity magnitudes in the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles at low frequencies and reduced magnitudes at high frequencies compared to controls (p = 0.006). Individuals with CAI exhibited significantly larger intensity magnitudes in the tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius across all frequencies. Those with CAI showed smaller intensity magnitudes in the fibularis longus muscle overall but had higher magnitudes at low frequencies at the onset of the stance phase.

Significance

Our finding suggests that electromyography analysis in the time-frequency domain has the potential to reveal unique muscle function alterations in individuals with CAI during walking, which cannot be observed in traditional amplitude-based analyses.

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引用次数: 0

Association between gait characteristics during obstacle crossing and fall risk in stroke patients: A prospective cohort study 中风患者跨越障碍时的步态特征与跌倒风险之间的关系前瞻性队列研究

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.022

Xianglin Wan , Zihao Zhu , Feng Xu , Qiujie Li

Background

In daily life, stroke patients frequently experience falls during obstacle crossing. Analyzing the gait characteristics of patients in high-risk falling scenarios can help identify and predict fall risks.

Research question

Exploring the predictive power of gait characteristics during obstacle crossing for fall risk in stroke patients.

Methods

Recruitment of 38 stroke patients with unilateral hemiplegia discharged from rehabilitation. A Qualisys motion capture system and two Kistler force plates were used to record the marker positions and the ground reaction forces during crossing an obstacle 4 cm in height with the affected limb as the leading limb. Gait spatio-temporal parameters, joint angles, and joint moments were calculated. Following a 12-month follow-up survey to collect data on falls among participants, independent samples t-test and binary logistic regression models were employed to identify predictors associated with future fall risk.

Results

During the follow-up period, 13 participants experienced at least one fall and were categorized into the fall group; 14 participants did not experience any falls and were categorized into the non-fall group. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the toe-clearance distance of the trailing limb, as well as the peak ankle plantarflexion moment of the trailing limb during double support phase, are effective predictors of fall risk in stroke patients (P < 0.05). The overall correct prediction rate of the regression model incorporating both factors was 85.2 %.

Significance

Gait analysis during obstacle crossing holds potential clinical value in identifying future fall risk in stroke patients.

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引用次数: 0

Practical clinical measures highlight cognition-balance associations in Parkinson's disease

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.04.001

Nicholas D. Burt , Karl Arabian , J. Scott Parrott , Rosemary Gallagher

Introduction

Cognitive impairment in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with balance deficits and fall risk. Despite this, cognition is not routinely assessed by rehabilitation professionals. Establishing associations between specific domains of balance and cognition in PD using practical clinical measures could help inform evaluation and intervention by clinicians.

Research Question

Is there a relationship between subsections of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (MiniBESTest) in people with PD that could inform clinical practice?

Methods

One hundred and eight participants were included in this cross-sectional study (83.3 % male, mean age 70 ± 8.3). Motor function, balance, and cognition were assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III: Motor Examination, MiniBESTest, and MoCA, respectively. Pearson correlations, Spearman’s rho correlations, and multiple regression analysis were used to assess relationships.

Results

Statistically significant positive correlations were found between MoCA and MiniBESTest total and subsection scores. The strongest correlation between domains of balance and cognition was between MoCA Delayed Recall and MiniBESTest Dynamic Gait (rho=0.441, p < 0.001), which were also the strongest predictors of performance on the other measure (the MiniBESTest and MoCA, respectively).

Significance

Associations between domains of balance and cognition in PD can be demonstrated without a full battery of cognitive tests. The MoCA (an easy-to-use measure of global cognition) and MiniBESTest (a commonly used balance measure for PD) are sensitive to these associations and easily incorporated into clinical practice. Alternatively, delayed recall and dynamic gait can be quickly assessed and have potential as fall risk screens themselves. These associations could be used to inform both dual task and cognitive training in PD.

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引用次数: 0

The impact of 12 weeks combined resistance and balance training on functional Sit-To-Stand muscle power in mobility limited older patients

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.025

Marie West Pedersen , Frederik Kronvold Nielsen , Charlotte Suetta , Morten Tange Kristensen

Background

Falls become more frequent with ageing. Improving balance and muscle strength has been shown to reduce the risk of falls in older patients, but the importance of muscle power is less investigated.

Objective

To evaluate changes in functional Sit-to-Stand muscle power and the association with dynamic balance in older adults following a 12-week exercise program.

Material and methods

A retrospective study including 84 (69 women) with a mean age of 79.3 years were included. Based on the 30s-STS performance, relative muscle power (W*kg⁻¹) and allometric muscle power (W*m⁻²) was calculated, and the Dynamic Gait Index was used for dynamic balance.

Results

The mean (SD) relative- and allometric power increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 2.3 (0.9) W*kg⁻¹ to 2.9 (0.9) W*kg⁻¹ and 58.4 (22.6) W*m⁻² to 76.3 (22.6) W*m⁻², respectively. Forty-seven out of 70 patients improved their 30s-STS performances by ≥ 2 repetitions, and 44 out of 68 patients showed an improvement of ≥ 3 points in their DGI scores. Relative- and allometric muscle power was significantly correlated with DGI scores before r = 0.398, (0.188–0.573) and r = 0.381 (0.169–0.560) and after r = 0.439 (0.215–0.62) and r = 0.374 (0.215–0.620) the 12-week program for the whole group. Additionally, 45 % of the patients were at reduced risk of falling according to their DGI values.

Conclusion

Sit-to-stand performance and DGI scores improved in older adults after participating in a 12-week combined balance and strength training program. Estimates of STS muscle power was associated with DGI scores.

{"title":"The impact of 12 weeks combined resistance and balance training on functional Sit-To-Stand muscle power in mobility limited older patients","authors":"Marie West Pedersen , Frederik Kronvold Nielsen , Charlotte Suetta , Morten Tange Kristensen","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Falls become more frequent with ageing. Improving balance and muscle strength has been shown to reduce the risk of falls in older patients, but the importance of muscle power is less investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate changes in functional Sit-to-Stand muscle power and the association with dynamic balance in older adults following a 12-week exercise program.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A retrospective study including 84 (69 women) with a mean age of 79.3 years were included. Based on the 30s-STS performance, relative muscle power (W*kg<sup>−1</sup>) and allometric muscle power (W*m<sup>−2</sup>) was calculated, and the Dynamic Gait Index was used for dynamic balance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean (SD) relative- and allometric power increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 2.3 (0.9) W*kg<sup>−1</sup> to 2.9 (0.9) W*kg<sup>−1</sup> and 58.4 (22.6) W*m<sup>−2</sup> to 76.3 (22.6) W*m<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Forty-seven out of 70 patients improved their 30s-STS performances by ≥ 2 repetitions, and 44 out of 68 patients showed an improvement of ≥ 3 points in their DGI scores. Relative- and allometric muscle power was significantly correlated with DGI scores before r = 0.398, (0.188–0.573) and r = 0.381 (0.169–0.560) and after r = 0.439 (0.215–0.62) and r = 0.374 (0.215–0.620) the 12-week program for the whole group. Additionally, 45 % of the patients were at reduced risk of falling according to their DGI values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sit-to-stand performance and DGI scores improved in older adults after participating in a 12-week combined balance and strength training program. Estimates of STS muscle power was associated with DGI scores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"120 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gait patterns in hemiplegic cerebral palsy: Is it time for a new classification?

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.026

Mauro César de Morais Filho , Marcelo H. Fujino , Cátia M. Kawamura , José Augusto F. Lopes , Laís Przysiada , Maria Eduarda Antunes Silva

Background

The Winters, Gage and Hicks classification (WGHC) for spastic hemiplegia has been widely used, despite its limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of WGHC in large series of cerebral palsy (CP).

Research question

May all hemiplegic CP patients be classified according to WGHC?

Methods

Participants with the diagnosis of spastic hemiplegic CP were identified in gait laboratory database. Only the first gait analysis of each patient was considered, and 983 patients met the inclusion criteria. Individuals with mixed tone (45), other pathologies combined with hemiplegia (11) and previous orthopedic surgeries or botulinum injections within 12 months (395) were excluded. The remaining 532 subjects were classified according to the 4 groups described by WGHC.

Results

224 (42.1 %) patients were unclassified by WGHC and 4 additional groups were identified: group V (115/21.6 %)-none of the alterations described in WGHC; group VI (76/14.3 %)- WGHC III or IV, but with normal ankle dorsiflexion in stance and swing; group VII (29/5.5 %)- WGHC II, III or IV, but with normal ankle dorsiflexion in swing phase; group VIII (4/0.7 %)-reduction of ankle dorsiflexion in stance and swing phases with increased hip flexion in stance, but with normal knee range of motion. The age in group VI (14.5 years) was higher than other groups (p < 0.001). The GDI in group V (76.3) was similar (p = 0.979) to group I (73.9) and greater than other groups (p < 0.001). The mean pelvic asymmetry (32.7⁰) and internal hip rotation (18⁰) in group IV were higher than other groups (p < 0.001). The higher prevalence of perinatal anoxia (33.3 %) was observed in group VII.

Significance

In the present study, 57.9 % of patients were classified according to WGHC and 4 additional patterns were identified, leading a proposal of update at WGHC.

Level of evidence

III.

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引用次数: 0

Lower limb contracture definitions in children and adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027

Andrea Marron , Jasmine Milnes , Laura Conry , Damien Kiernan

Aim

To examine the quantitative definitions and prevalence rates of fixed lower limb contractures in people with cerebral palsy (CP). Based on findings, to propose standardized values to define lower limb contractures to improve quality in future research.

Method

A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using 4 databases from inception to April 2024. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were independently screened. Data were extracted and quality assessed independently by 2 reviewers. Data were synthesized and presented descriptively.

Results

Forty-four studies were included. Ankle plantarflexion contracture definitions ranged from < 10° dorsiflexion to ≥ 20° plantarflexion, and prevalence rates ranged from 32 % to 90 %. Knee flexion contracture definitions ranged from > 0° to ≥ 30° flexion, and prevalence rates ranged from 19 % to 44 %. Hip flexion contracture definitions ranged from > 0° to ≥ 30° flexion, and prevalence rates ranged from 7 % to 68 %. Hip extension and abduction contractures were seldom defined.

Interpretation

There is considerable variability in reported contracture definitions and prevalence rates. Based on findings, we propose the following cut-offs for defining contractures; ankle plantarflexion contracture < 0° dorsiflexion, knee flexion contracture < 0° knee extension, hip flexion contracture < 0° hip extension, hip abduction contracture < 30° hip abduction, hip extension contracture ≤ 90° hip flexion range of motion.

{"title":"Lower limb contracture definitions in children and adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review","authors":"Andrea Marron , Jasmine Milnes , Laura Conry , Damien Kiernan","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To examine the quantitative definitions and prevalence rates of fixed lower limb contractures in people with cerebral palsy (CP). Based on findings, to propose standardized values to define lower limb contractures to improve quality in future research.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using 4 databases from inception to April 2024. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were independently screened. Data were extracted and quality assessed independently by 2 reviewers. Data were synthesized and presented descriptively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-four studies were included. Ankle plantarflexion contracture definitions ranged from < 10° dorsiflexion to ≥ 20° plantarflexion, and prevalence rates ranged from 32 % to 90 %. Knee flexion contracture definitions ranged from > 0° to ≥ 30° flexion, and prevalence rates ranged from 19 % to 44 %. Hip flexion contracture definitions ranged from > 0° to ≥ 30° flexion, and prevalence rates ranged from 7 % to 68 %. Hip extension and abduction contractures were seldom defined.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>There is considerable variability in reported contracture definitions and prevalence rates. Based on findings, we propose the following cut-offs for defining contractures; ankle plantarflexion contracture < 0° dorsiflexion, knee flexion contracture < 0° knee extension, hip flexion contracture < 0° hip extension, hip abduction contracture < 30° hip abduction, hip extension contracture ≤ 90° hip flexion range of motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"120 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lower limb deformity and gait deviations of osteogenesis imperfecta

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.023

Yuanhao Liang , Shichen Qi , Tinghan Xu , Lin Feng , Eric Hiu Kwong Yeung , Rong He , Shijie Yin , Zhou Yapeng , Peikai Chen , Michael Kai-Tsun To , Yong Hu

Background

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare genetic disorder characterized by complex lower limb deformities, resulting in various gait limitations. This study aimed to (1) investigate the incidence and association between radiographic changes and gait impairment; (2) propose a lower limb deformity index to quantify deformity severity as well as gait performance.

Methods

Bilateral X-ray images and 3D gait analysis results were assessed retrospectively from 48 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Multivariate linear regression was used to investigate the contribution of each deformity to gait performance. Eight scoring approaches of the proposed index, calculated from radiographic changes, were evaluated by their linear relationship to gait deviation.

Results

Patients with osteogenesis imperfecta had high incidence of anterolateral bowing of femur, and anteromedial bowing of tibia, along with abducted hip, varus knee, hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion deformities. Their maximum joint kinematics and kinetics were less than healthy controls, which was consistent with their major deformities. However, multivariate linear regression indicated a limited contribution from each deformity to gait deviation (only mechanical axis deviation out of 14 radiographic measures showed significance). Remarkably, our proposed index presented a significant linear correlation to gait deviation (Correlation coefficient: −0.650; R square: 0.423; F value: 33.719, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study preliminary demonstrated the association between lower limb deformities and gait deviations of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta and proposed a lower limb deformity index to quantify the deformity severity that reflects gait performance.

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引用次数: 0

Influence of auditory biofeedback of foot angular velocity on propulsive function and gait performance in old healthy adults

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.030

Sam M. Lyons, Tayler M. Vickery, Douglas W. Powell, Max R. Paquette

A distal-to-proximal redistribution of joint work and reduction in ankle kinetics may contribute to declines in gait performance with advancing age. Interventions to improve ankle function could help maintain gait performance in old adults. Inertial measurement units are practical and inexpensive and may be used to provide biofeedback of foot angular velocity to improve ankle propulsive function during gait.

Purpose

This study assessed if real-time biofeedback of foot plantarflexion angular velocity influenced ankle kinetics and hip-to-ankle work ratio in old adults.

Methods

Eight healthy old adults walked at their preferred speed (PS), maximal speed (MS), and MS with auditory feedback for a 5% increase in foot plantarflexion velocity (AUD). Kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected, and joint kinetics were calculated.

Results

Ankle positive work was larger during MS (p<0.001) and AUD (p<0.001) compared to PS, and 8% larger during AUD compared to MS (p=0.01). Hip-to-ankle work ratio was not different during MS (p=0.053) compared to PS but AUD reduced the ratio by 7% compared to MS (p=0.03) and by 19% compared to PS (p=0.02).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that biofeedback of foot plantarflexion velocity may be an effective strategy to acutely increase ankle positive work and reduce hip-to-ankle work ratio during treadmill walking in old adults.

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引用次数: 0

Functional roles of stepping-leg joint torques in body deceleration during the post-trip landing phase in gait

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Gait & posture

Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.010

Takahiro Nakajima , Shinsuke Yoshioka , Senshi Fukashiro

Background

Tripping during walking alters the whole-body linear momentum (WBLM) and angular momentum (WBAM). Inadequate regulation of these changes affects normal gait, potentially resulting in falls and injuries. To avoid these incidents, it is necessary to exert joint torques to generate ground reaction forces (GRFs) that will serve to mitigate WBLM and WBAM changes. However, it remains unclear which joint torques and how they contribute to generating the post-trip GRF.

Research question

How is the GRF generated to control the WBLMs and WBAM during the post-trip landing phase in gait?

Methods

Twelve young adults completed 150 walking trials on a walkway, with tripping induced in 60 of them. They were required to recover to normal walking after tripping. Body landmark coordinates and GRF data were obtained using a motion capture system and a force platform, respectively. Joint torques, WBLM, WBAM, and the contribution of each torque to the GRF were calculated.

Results

The upward GRF was primarily generated by the ankle-plantarflexion torque of the stepping leg, supported by the knee- and hip-extension torques (contributions to vertical GRF: ankle-plantarflexion, 64.4 ± 7.8 %; knee flexion–extension, 16.3 ± 6.1 %; hip flexion–extension, 8.8 ± 4.3 %). The posterior GRF was mainly generated by the knee- and hip-extension torques (contributions to anterior–posterior GRF: knee flexion–extension, 40.2 ± 8.2 %; hip flexion–extension, 12.9 ± 5.6 %). Additionally, the ankle-plantarflexion torque contributed to the backward GRF moment immediately after post-trip stepping-foot contact (contribution to forward–backward GRF moment: 41.7 ± 4.1 %).

Significance

The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the kinetics of a body's deceleration to prevent falls during the post-trip landing phase and can serve as normative data for fall-prevention programs in rehabilitation settings and the development of powered exoskeletons.

{"title":"Functional roles of stepping-leg joint torques in body deceleration during the post-trip landing phase in gait","authors":"Takahiro Nakajima , Shinsuke Yoshioka , Senshi Fukashiro","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tripping during walking alters the whole-body linear momentum (WBLM) and angular momentum (WBAM). Inadequate regulation of these changes affects normal gait, potentially resulting in falls and injuries. To avoid these incidents, it is necessary to exert joint torques to generate ground reaction forces (GRFs) that will serve to mitigate WBLM and WBAM changes. However, it remains unclear which joint torques and how they contribute to generating the post-trip GRF.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>How is the GRF generated to control the WBLMs and WBAM during the post-trip landing phase in gait?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve young adults completed 150 walking trials on a walkway, with tripping induced in 60 of them. They were required to recover to normal walking after tripping. Body landmark coordinates and GRF data were obtained using a motion capture system and a force platform, respectively. Joint torques, WBLM, WBAM, and the contribution of each torque to the GRF were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The upward GRF was primarily generated by the ankle-plantarflexion torque of the stepping leg, supported by the knee- and hip-extension torques (contributions to vertical GRF: ankle-plantarflexion, 64.4 ± 7.8 %; knee flexion–extension, 16.3 ± 6.1 %; hip flexion–extension, 8.8 ± 4.3 %). The posterior GRF was mainly generated by the knee- and hip-extension torques (contributions to anterior–posterior GRF: knee flexion–extension, 40.2 ± 8.2 %; hip flexion–extension, 12.9 ± 5.6 %). Additionally, the ankle-plantarflexion torque contributed to the backward GRF moment immediately after post-trip stepping-foot contact (contribution to forward–backward GRF moment: 41.7 ± 4.1 %).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the kinetics of a body's deceleration to prevent falls during the post-trip landing phase and can serve as normative data for fall-prevention programs in rehabilitation settings and the development of powered exoskeletons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 252-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0