Impressions about harm are formed rapidly and then refined, modulated by serotonin.

Michael Moutoussis, Joe Barnby, Anais Durand, Megan Croal, Laura Dilley, Robb B Rutledge, Liam Mason
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Abstract

Attributing motives to others is a crucial aspect of mentalizing, can be biased by prejudice, and is affected by common psychiatric disorders. It is therefore important to understand in depth the mechanisms underpinning it. Toward improving models of mentalizing motives, we hypothesized that people quickly infer whether other's motives are likely beneficial or detrimental, then refine their judgment (classify-refine). To test this, we used a modified Dictator game, a game theoretic task, where participants judged the likelihood of intent to harm vs. self-interest in economic decisions. Toward testing the role of serotonin in judgments of intent to harm, we delivered the task in a week-long, placebo vs. citalopram study. Computational model comparison provided clear evidence for the superiority of classify-refine models over traditional ones, strongly supporting the central hypothesis. Further, while citalopram helped refine attributions about motives through learning, it did not induce more positive initial inferences about others' motives. Finally, model comparison indicated a minimal role for racial bias within economic decisions for the large majority of our sample. Overall, these results support a proposal that classify-refine social cognition is adaptive, although relevant mechanisms of serotonergic antidepressant action will need to be studied over longer time spans.

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在血清素的调节下,有关伤害的印象会迅速形成,然后不断完善。
将动机归因于他人是心理化的一个重要方面,可能会受到偏见的影响,并受到常见精神疾病的影响。因此,深入了解其基本机制非常重要。为了改进心智化动机模型,我们假设人们会迅速推断他人的动机可能是有益的还是有害的,然后完善他们的判断("分类-完善")。为了验证这一点,我们使用了一个改良的独裁者游戏,这是一个博弈论任务,让参与者判断在经济决策中意图伤害与自我利益的可能性。为了测试血清素在伤害意图判断中的作用,我们在为期一周的安慰剂与西酞普兰对比研究中进行了这项任务。计算模型比较清楚地证明了分类-提炼模型优于传统模型,有力地支持了中心假设。此外,虽然西酞普兰有助于通过学习完善动机归因,但它并不能诱导对他人动机做出更积极的初始推断。最后,模型比较表明,在我们的大多数样本中,种族偏见在经济决策中的作用微乎其微。总之,这些结果支持了分类-完善社会认知是适应性的这一观点,尽管血清素能抗抑郁剂作用的相关机制还需要更长时间的研究。
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