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Cognitive and neural underpinnings of friend-prioritization in a perceptual matching task. 感知匹配任务中朋友优先级的认知和神经基础。
Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf009
Tianyu Gao, Yuqing Zhou, Xinyue Pan, Wenxin Li, Shihui Han

Previous findings of better behavioral responses to self- over other-related stimuli suggest prioritized cognitive processes of self-related information. However, it is unclear whether the processing of information related to important others (e.g.friends) may be prioritized over that related to the self in certain subpopulations and, if yes, whether friend-prioritization and self-prioritization engage distinct cognitive and neural mechanisms. We collected behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) data from a large sample (N = 1006) during learning associations between shapes and person labels (self or a friend). Analyses of response times and sensitivities revealed two subpopulations who performed better to friend-shape or self-shape associations, respectively (N = 216 for each group). Drift diffusion model (DDM) analyses unraveled faster information acquisition for friend-shape (vs. self-shape) associations in the friend-prioritization group but an opposite pattern in the self-prioritization group. Trial-by-trial regression analyses of EEG data showed that the greater amplitudes of a frontal/central activity at 180-240 ms poststimulus were correlated with faster information acquisition from friend-shape associations in the friend-prioritization group but from self-shape associations in the self-prioritization group. However, the frontal/central neural oscillations at 8-18 Hz during perceptual learning were specifically associated with speed of information acquisition from friend-shape associations in the friend-prioritization-group. Our findings provide evidence for friend-prioritization in perceptual learning in a subpopulation of adults and clarify the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms.

先前的研究发现,对自我相关刺激的行为反应优于他人相关刺激,这表明自我相关信息的认知过程优先。然而,目前尚不清楚的是,在某些亚群体中,与重要他人(如朋友)相关的信息处理是否优先于与自我相关的信息处理,如果是的话,朋友优先级和自我优先级是否涉及不同的认知和神经机制。我们从一个大样本(N=1006)中收集了形状和人标签(自我或朋友)之间学习关联时的行为和脑电图(EEG)数据。对反应时间和敏感性的分析显示,两个亚群分别对朋友形状和自我形状的联想表现更好(N=216)。漂移扩散模型(DDM)分析揭示了在朋友优先组中,与自我优先组相比,朋友优先组的信息获取速度更快,而自我优先组则相反。脑电数据逐次回归分析显示,刺激后180 ~ 240 ms额叶/中枢活动波幅越大,以朋友为优先组的信息获取速度越快,以自我为优先组的信息获取速度越快。然而,在知觉学习过程中,8-18 Hz的额叶/中枢神经振荡与朋友优先组从朋友形状联想中获取信息的速度有关。我们的研究结果为成人亚群中感知学习的朋友优先性提供了证据,并阐明了潜在的认知和神经机制。
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引用次数: 0
Premovement activity in the corticospinal tract is amplified by the placebo effect: an active inference account.
Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf014
Mehran Emadi Andani, Miriam Braga, Francesco Da Dalt, Alessandro Piedimonte, Elisa Carlino, Mirta Fiorio

The aim of this study is to investigate whether expectancy, induced through a placebo procedure, favors the activation of the corticospinal tract before movement initiation. By adopting the premovement facilitation paradigm, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left or right primary motor cortex at rest and 100 ms or 50 ms before movement onset while healthy volunteers performed a reaction time (RT) motor task consisting of abductions of the right or left thumb after a go signal. Participants in the placebo group received an inert electrical device applied on the right forearm along with information on its speed-enhancing properties. A control group received the same device with overt information about its inert nature, while another control group underwent no intervention. Along with RT, we measured the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) before and after the procedure. Compared to the control groups, the placebo group had faster RT and greater MEP amplitude before movement initiation. This study demonstrates that the placebo effect can boost the activity of the corticospinal tract before movement onset, and this modulation positively impacts motor performance. These results give experimental support to the active inference account.

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引用次数: 0
Emotional characteristics and intrinsic brain network functional connectivity among adults aged 75.
Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf017
Patrick J Pruitt, Kexin Yu, David Lahna, Daniel Schwartz, Scott Peltier, Lisa Silbert, Hiroko Dodge

Despite having a meaningful impact on quality of life, emotional well-being is often understudied in older adults in favor of cognitive performance, particularly when examining association with neurobiological function. Socially-isolated older adults have poorer emotional health than their non-isolated peers and are at increased risk of dementia. Characterizing neurobiological correlates of emotional characteristics in this population may help elucidate pathways which link social isolation and dementia risk. In a sample of 50 socially-isolated older adults aged 75+ years ("older-old"; 30 with mild cognitive impairment; 20 with unimpaired cognition), we use the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery (NIHTB-EB) to examine associations between emotional characteristics and fMRI-derived intrinsic brain network functional connectivity. We found a positive association between the default mode network (DMN) connectivity and negative affect. Amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity was negatively associated with psychological well-being, and positively associated with negative affect. These results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. These findings replicate, in a sample of socially-isolated older-old adults, previous work highlighting the relationship between amygdala-vmPFC connectivity and individual differences in emotional health, with more inverse connectivity associated with better emotional characteristics.

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引用次数: 0
Exercising Self-Control Increases Responsivity to Hedonic and Eudaimonic Rewards.
Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf016
Chengli Huang, Zhiwei Zhou, Douglas J Angus, Constantine Sedikides, Nicholas J Kelley

The reward responsivity hypothesis of self-control proposes that, irrespective of self-control success, exercising self-control is aversive and engenders negative affect. To countermand this discomfort, reward-seeking behavior may be amplified after bouts of self-control, bringing individuals back to a mildly positive baseline state. Previous studies indicated that effort-an integral component of self-control-can increase reward responsivity. We sought to test and extend the reward responsivity hypothesis by asking if exercising self-control increases a neural marker of reward responsivity (Reward Positivity) differentially for hedonic rewards or eudaimonic rewards. We instructed participants (N = 114) to complete a speeded reaction time task where they exercised self-control (incongruent Stroop trials) or not (congruent Stroop trials), and then had the opportunity to win money for themselves (hedonic rewards) or a charity (eudaimonic rewards) while EEG was recorded. Consistent with the reward responsivity hypothesis, participants evinced a larger RewP after exercising self-control (vs. not exercising self-control). Participants also showed a larger RewP for hedonic over eudaimonic rewards. Self-control and reward type did not interactively modulate RewP, suggesting that self-control increases the reward responsivity in a domain-general manner. The findings provide a neurophysiological mechanism for the reward responsivity hypothesis of self-control and promise to revitalize the relevant literature.

自我控制的奖赏反应假说认为,无论自我控制成功与否,实施自我控制都会产生厌恶感和负面情绪。为了消除这种不适感,在自我控制之后,寻求奖赏的行为可能会被放大,从而使个体回到轻度积极的基线状态。以前的研究表明,努力--自我控制的一个组成部分--可以提高奖励反应性。我们试图测试并扩展奖赏反应性假说,询问锻炼自我控制是否会增加奖赏反应性的神经标记(奖赏积极性),对享乐性奖赏或愉悦性奖赏有不同的影响。我们指导参与者(N = 114)完成一项加速反应时间任务,在这项任务中,他们行使自控力(不一致的 Stroop 试验)或不行使自控力(一致的 Stroop 试验),然后有机会为自己赢得金钱(享乐型奖励)或慈善机构(优裕型奖励),同时记录脑电图。与奖赏反应性假说一致的是,参与者在行使自我控制后(与未行使自我控制相比)表现出更大的奖赏反应性。参与者对享乐型奖赏的 "奖赏反应性"(RewP)也比对享乐型奖赏的 "奖赏反应性"(RewP)大。自我控制和奖赏类型并没有交互调节RewP,这表明自我控制以一种领域通用的方式增加了奖赏反应性。这些发现为自我控制的奖赏反应性假说提供了一种神经生理学机制,有望为相关文献注入新的活力。
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引用次数: 0
Increased default mode network activation in depression and social anxiety during upward social comparison.
Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf012
A Acuña, S Morales, L Uriarte-Gaspari, N Aguirre, A Brandani, N Huart, J Mattos, A Pérez, E Cuña, G Waiter, D Steele, J L Armony, M García-Fontes, Á Cabana, V B Gradin

Social comparisons are a core feature of human life. Theories posit that social comparisons play a critical role in depression and social anxiety triggering negative evaluations about the self, as well as negative emotions. We investigated the neural basis of social comparisons in participants with depression and/or social anxiety (MD-SA, n=56) and healthy controls (n=47) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). While being scanned participants performed a social comparison task, during which they received feedback about their performance and the performance of a co-player. Upward social comparisons (being worse than the co-player) elicited high levels of negative emotions (shame, guilt, nervousness) across participants, with this effect being enhanced in the MD-SA group. Notably, during upward comparison the MD-SA group showed greater activation than the control group in regions of the Default Mode Network (DMN). Specifically, for upward comparison MD-SA participants demonstrated increased activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and reduced deactivation in the posteromedial cortex, regions linked to self-referential processing, inferences about other people's thoughts and rumination. Findings suggest that people with depression and social anxiety react to upward comparisons with a more negative emotional response, which may be linked to introspective processes related to the DMN.

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引用次数: 0
Neural mechanisms underlying the interactive exchange of facial emotional expressions. 面部情绪表达互动交换的神经机制。
Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf001
Leon O H Kroczek, Andreas Mühlberger

Facial emotional expressions are crucial in face-to-face social interactions, and recent findings have highlighted their interactive nature. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This electroencephalography study investigated whether the interactive exchange of facial expressions modulates socio-emotional processing. Participants (N = 41) displayed a facial emotional expression (angry, neutral, or happy) toward a virtual agent, and the agent then responded with a further emotional expression (angry or happy) or remained neutral (control condition). We assessed subjective experience (valence, arousal), facial EMG (Zygomaticus, Corrugator), and event-related potentials (EPN, LPP) elicited by the agent's response. Replicating previous findings, we found that an agent's happy facial expression was experienced as more pleasant and elicited increased Zygomaticus activity when participants had initiated the interaction with a happy compared to an angry expression. At the neural level, angry expressions resulted in a greater LPP than happy expressions, but only when participants directed an angry or happy, but not a neutral, expression at the agent. These findings suggest that sending an emotional expression increases salience and enhances the processing of received emotional expressions, indicating that an interactive setting alters brain responses to social stimuli.

面部情绪表达在面对面的社交互动中至关重要,最近的研究结果强调了它们的互动性。然而,潜在的神经机制尚不清楚。这项脑电图研究调查了面部表情的互动交换是否调节社会情绪加工。参与者(N = 41)对虚拟代理表现出面部情绪表情(愤怒、中立或快乐),然后代理以进一步的情绪表情(愤怒或快乐)做出回应,或者保持中立(控制条件)。我们评估了主观体验(效价、觉醒)、面部肌电图(颧肌、瓦楞纸肌)和由代理人反应引起的erp (EPN、LPP)。重复之前的研究结果,我们发现,当参与者以快乐的表情开始互动时,与愤怒的表情相比,代理人的快乐面部表情更令人愉快,并引起颧肌活动增加。在神经层面上,愤怒的表情比快乐的表情导致了更大的LPP,但只有当参与者向代理人发出愤怒或快乐的表情,而不是中性的表情时才会如此。这些发现表明,发送情感表达会增加显著性,并加强对接收到的情感表达的处理,这表明互动环境会改变大脑对社会刺激的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Competition modulates the effects of social comparison on ERP responses during face processing. 竞争调节了社会比较对人脸加工过程中ERP反应的影响。
Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf005
Huiyan Lin, Jiafeng Liang

Little is known about the effect of prior social performance feedback on face processing. Our previous study explored how equal and unequal social comparison-related outcomes modulate event-related potential (ERP) responses to subsequently presented faces, where interests between oneself and others were independent (noncompetitive situations). Here, we aimed to extend this investigation by assessing how different unequal social comparison-related outcomes affect face processing under noncompetitive and competitive situations (i.e. a conflict of interest exists between the self and others). To address this issue, 39 participants were exposed to self-related and social comparison-related outcomes, categorized as positive or negative, after performing an attentional task with peers. Rewards and punishments depended on social comparison-related outcomes in the competition condition and on self-related outcomes in the noncompetition condition. ERP results showed that social comparison-related outcomes influenced P100 responses to faces in the self-positive condition. More notably, the effects on N170 responses observed in the noncompetition condition were absent in the competition condition. There was an effect on late positive potential responses only in the competition and self-negative condition. These findings suggest that social comparison-related outcomes influence early face processing irrespective of competition, while competition subsequently disrupts this processing but, later, enhances depending on self-related outcomes.

人们对先前的社会表现反馈对人脸处理的影响知之甚少。我们之前的研究探讨了平等和不平等的社会比较相关结果如何调节对随后呈现的人脸的事件相关电位(ERP)反应,在这种情况下,自己和他人之间的兴趣是独立的(非竞争情境)。在这里,我们旨在通过评估不同的不平等社会比较相关结果如何影响非竞争和竞争情境(即自己和他人之间存在利益冲突)下的人脸处理来扩展这项研究。为了解决这个问题,39 名参与者在与同伴共同完成一项注意力任务后,分别接受了与自我相关和与社会比较相关的结果(分为积极和消极两种)。在竞争条件下,奖惩取决于与社会比较相关的结果;在非竞争条件下,奖惩取决于与自我相关的结果。ERP结果显示,在自我肯定条件下,社会比较相关结果会影响对人脸的P100反应。更值得注意的是,在非竞争条件下观察到的对 N170 反应的影响在竞争条件下并不存在。只有在竞争和自我否定条件下,才会对 LPP 反应产生影响。这些研究结果表明,无论竞争与否,社会比较相关的结果都会影响早期的人脸加工,而竞争随后会扰乱这种加工,但之后会根据自我相关的结果而增强。
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引用次数: 0
Cerebellar contribution to emotion regulation and its association with medial frontal GABA level. 小脑对情绪调节的贡献及其与内侧额叶GABA水平的关系
Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae091
Yumi Oboshi, Toshiki Iwabuchi, Yohei Takata, Tomoyasu Bunai, Yasuomi Ouchi

As a tactic to regulate emotions, distancing involves changing perspectives to alter the psychological distance from stimuli that elicit emotional reactions. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study aimed to examine (i) whether the neural correlates of emotion upregulation via distancing differ across emotional valence (i.e. emotional responses toward positive and negative pictures), and (ii) whether the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), one of the crucial areas of emotion regulation, is correlated with brain activity related to either negative or positive emotion upregulation. Thirty-four healthy Japanese adults participated in this study. Compared to the condition involving positive emotion upregulation, negative emotion upregulation induced increased activation in the MPFC, left temporoparietal junction, bilateral anterior insula, pre-supplementary motor area, and bilateral cerebellum. In contrast, when comparing positive emotion upregulation with negative emotion upregulation, no significant activation was found. Right cerebellar activity during negative emotion upregulation was positively correlated with GABA concentration in the MPFC. These findings provide evidence of cerebellar involvement in the upregulation of negative emotion via distancing and its association with the prefrontal GABA concentration.

拉开距离是指改变视角,改变与引起情绪反应的刺激物的心理距离,以此来调节情绪。本研究采用磁共振波谱(MRS)和功能磁共振成像技术,旨在研究:1)通过拉开距离进行情绪上调的神经相关因素在不同情绪价位(即对积极和消极图片的情绪反应)下是否存在差异;2)情绪调节的关键区域之一--内侧前额叶皮层(MPFC)中的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)浓度与消极或积极情绪上调相关的大脑活动是否存在关联。34 名健康的日本成年人参加了这项研究。与积极情绪上调的条件相比,消极情绪上调引起了MPFC、左侧颞顶叶交界处、双侧前岛叶、前辅助运动区和双侧小脑的激活增加。相反,在比较积极情绪上调和消极情绪上调时,没有发现明显的激活现象。负性情绪上调时的右侧小脑活动与大脑中枢皮层的GABA浓度呈正相关。这些发现为小脑通过疏远参与负面情绪上调及其与前额叶GABA浓度的关联提供了证据。
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引用次数: 0
Scarcity mindset facilitates empathy for social pain and prosocial intention: behavioral and neural evidences.
Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf015
Wanchen Li, Zilong Wei, Jun Wu, Ru Song, Jie Liu, Fang Cui

Empathy for social pain encompasses both affective and cognitive responses to others' emotional reactions following negative social encounters, facilitating an understanding of their suffering and promoting prosocial behaviors. This study examined how a scarcity mindset affects empathy for social pain and prosocial intentions at behavioral and neural levels. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to either the scarcity or abundance mindset group. They viewed images of social exclusion or neutral scenarios and subsequently rated the perceived unpleasantness of the target person and their willingness to provide comfort during a stage-game paradigm. The results showed that participants in the scarcity mindset group demonstrated greater differentiation in their ratings of unpleasantness and willingness to comfort when exposed to social exclusion images compared to neutral ones, relative to the abundance mindset group. Electrophysiological data revealed that social exclusion images elicited larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes in the scarcity mindset group, but not in the abundance mindset group. Additionally, within the scarcity mindset group, affective empathy trait scores moderated the relationship between LPP amplitude and willingness to comfort rating. These findings highlight the amplifying effects of a scarcity mindset on empathy for social pain and prosocial intentions, and emphasize the role of affective empathy traits in this dynamic process.

{"title":"Scarcity mindset facilitates empathy for social pain and prosocial intention: behavioral and neural evidences.","authors":"Wanchen Li, Zilong Wei, Jun Wu, Ru Song, Jie Liu, Fang Cui","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaf015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Empathy for social pain encompasses both affective and cognitive responses to others' emotional reactions following negative social encounters, facilitating an understanding of their suffering and promoting prosocial behaviors. This study examined how a scarcity mindset affects empathy for social pain and prosocial intentions at behavioral and neural levels. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to either the scarcity or abundance mindset group. They viewed images of social exclusion or neutral scenarios and subsequently rated the perceived unpleasantness of the target person and their willingness to provide comfort during a stage-game paradigm. The results showed that participants in the scarcity mindset group demonstrated greater differentiation in their ratings of unpleasantness and willingness to comfort when exposed to social exclusion images compared to neutral ones, relative to the abundance mindset group. Electrophysiological data revealed that social exclusion images elicited larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes in the scarcity mindset group, but not in the abundance mindset group. Additionally, within the scarcity mindset group, affective empathy trait scores moderated the relationship between LPP amplitude and willingness to comfort rating. These findings highlight the amplifying effects of a scarcity mindset on empathy for social pain and prosocial intentions, and emphasize the role of affective empathy traits in this dynamic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interpersonal Brain Synchronization in Social Pain Contexts: An fNIRS-Based Exploration of Empathy.
Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf003
Tao Lian, Zhibin Jiao, Juan Song, Peng Zhang

Social pain is a common occurrence in interpersonal interactions, yet limited research has explored the neural mechanisms underlying both social pain and social pain empathy. Existing studies often focus on the neural processes of individuals experiencing pain, referred to as "subjects," or those empathizing with them, known as "observers." This study examines the neural mechanisms involved in the process of social pain empathy from the perspective of interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS). To do so, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to simultaneously scan the brains of both subjects and observers in social pain scenarios created using the Cyberball paradigm. The study's findings indicate that in social pain contexts, the IBS among dyads composed of subjects and observers was significantly enhanced in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) compared to non-social pain contexts. This brain region is associated with emotion regulation. Furthermore, we found that this enhancement depended on the observers' levels of rejection sensitivity. This study provides the inaugural exploration into the neural mechanisms underlying social pain empathy through the lens of IBS.

{"title":"Interpersonal Brain Synchronization in Social Pain Contexts: An fNIRS-Based Exploration of Empathy.","authors":"Tao Lian, Zhibin Jiao, Juan Song, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaf003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social pain is a common occurrence in interpersonal interactions, yet limited research has explored the neural mechanisms underlying both social pain and social pain empathy. Existing studies often focus on the neural processes of individuals experiencing pain, referred to as \"subjects,\" or those empathizing with them, known as \"observers.\" This study examines the neural mechanisms involved in the process of social pain empathy from the perspective of interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS). To do so, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to simultaneously scan the brains of both subjects and observers in social pain scenarios created using the Cyberball paradigm. The study's findings indicate that in social pain contexts, the IBS among dyads composed of subjects and observers was significantly enhanced in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) compared to non-social pain contexts. This brain region is associated with emotion regulation. Furthermore, we found that this enhancement depended on the observers' levels of rejection sensitivity. This study provides the inaugural exploration into the neural mechanisms underlying social pain empathy through the lens of IBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience
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