The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells.

IF 6.8 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Journal of Xenobiotics Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI:10.3390/jox14040080

Oskari J Uski, Gregory Rankin, Håkan Wingfors, Roger Magnusson, Christoffer Boman, Robert Lindgren, Ala Muala, Anders Blomberg, Jenny A Bosson, Thomas Sandström

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Abstract

The use of alternative diesel fuels has increased due to the demand for renewable energy sources. There is limited knowledge regarding the potential health effects caused by exhaust emissions from biodiesel- and renewable diesel-fueled engines. This study investigates the toxic effects of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel engine powered by conventional petroleum diesel fuel (SD10) and two biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels in vitro. The fuels used were rapeseed methyl ester (RME), soy methyl ester (SME), and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO), either pure or as 50% blends with SD10. Additionally, a 5% RME blend was also used. The highest concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions and elemental carbon (EC) was found in conventional diesel and the 5% RME blend. HVO PM samples also exhibited a high amount of EC. A dose-dependent genotoxic response was detected with PM from SD10, pure SME, and RME as well as their blends. Reactive oxygen species levels were several times higher in cells exposed to PM from SD10, pure HVO, and especially the 5% RME blend. Apoptotic cell death was observed in cells exposed to PM from SD10, 5% RME blend, the 50% SME blend, and HVO samples. In conclusion, all diesel PM samples, including biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels, exhibited toxicity.

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石油柴油、生物柴油和可再生柴油废气颗粒对人类肺泡上皮细胞的毒性效应。

由于对可再生能源的需求，替代柴油燃料的使用有所增加。人们对生物柴油和可再生柴油发动机排放的废气对健康的潜在影响了解有限。本研究调查了以传统石油柴油（SD10）和两种生物柴油及可再生柴油为燃料的柴油发动机排放的微粒物质（PM）在体外的毒性影响。使用的燃料分别是油菜籽甲酯（RME）、大豆甲酯（SME）和氢化植物油（HVO），它们可以是纯燃料，也可以是与 SD10 50%混合的燃料。此外，还使用了 5% 的 RME 混合物。在传统柴油和 5% 的 RME 混合物中，多环芳烃排放物和碳元素（EC）的浓度最高。高纯度可吸入颗粒物样本中也含有大量的碳元素。在 SD10、纯 SME 和 RME 以及它们的混合物的 PM 中检测到了剂量依赖性基因毒性反应。细胞暴露于 SD10、纯 HVO 和特别是 5% RME 混合物的可吸入颗粒物时，其活性氧水平高出数倍。暴露在 SD10、5% RME 混合物、50% SME 混合物和 HVO 样品的 PM 中的细胞出现凋亡。总之，所有柴油可吸入颗粒物样品，包括生物柴油和可再生柴油燃料，都表现出毒性。

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来源期刊

Journal of Xenobiotics TOXICOLOGY-

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

1.70%

发文量

审稿时长

10 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Xenobiotics publishes original studies concerning the beneficial (pharmacology) and detrimental effects (toxicology) of xenobiotics in all organisms. A xenobiotic (“stranger to life”) is defined as a chemical that is not usually found at significant concentrations or expected to reside for long periods in organisms. In addition to man-made chemicals, natural products could also be of interest if they have potent biological properties, special medicinal properties or that a given organism is at risk of exposure in the environment. Topics dealing with abiotic- and biotic-based transformations in various media (xenobiochemistry) and environmental toxicology are also of interest. Areas of interests include the identification of key physical and chemical properties of molecules that predict biological effects and persistence in the environment; the molecular mode of action of xenobiotics; biochemical and physiological interactions leading to change in organism health; pathophysiological interactions of natural and synthetic chemicals; development of biochemical indicators including new “-omics” approaches to identify biomarkers of exposure or effects for xenobiotics.