Using a Humate-Based Magnetic Sorbent and GC–MS for the Determination of Phenolic Xenoestrogens in Bottom Sediments

Abstract

A sorbent with magnetic properties, functionalized with humates, in combination with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is proposed for the determination of phenolic xenoestrogens (ED) in bottom sediments. The octylphenol (OP), nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol A (BPA) ED are chosen as test samples. Along with ED, the distribution of the naturally occurring estrogen, 17β-estradiol (ES), is studied. Sorption preconcentration is carried out under dynamic conditions: a sorbent weighing 0.5 g is placed in a borosilicate glass column, on both sides of which magnets are placed to immobilize the sorbent. The analytical characteristics of the determination method are established using model samples of bottom sediments selected in a background area with a minimal anthropogenic impact. The limit of quantification for ED is 30–60 ng/kg (dry weight). In analyzing real samples, the sensitivity of the method is reduced by 3–4 times due to matrix effects of the presence of petroleum products in waters. The ED content of bottom sediments at the site of wastewater discharge into the river Don near the city of Voronezh, as well as on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus (area of the city of Tuapse and the village of Olginka) was monitored. The maximum concentrations of OP, NP, BPA, and ES in bottom sediments were found in the area of the port of Tuapse, where they were 5.7, 8.1, 6.2 and 0.9 µg/kg, respectively.