Proposing adjustments to heat safety thresholds for junior high and high school sports clubs in Japan.

IF 3 3区 地球科学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS International Journal of Biometeorology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1007/s00484-024-02812-4
Takahiro Oyama, Yasushi Honda, Minoru Fujii, Kenichi Nakajima, Yasuaki Hijioka
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Abstract

With higher temperatures expected in the future due to global climate change, addressing health risks such as heat illness is increasingly important. In Japan, thousands of heat illness cases occur annually during school sports club activities. The risk may vary by sport, location, and region, but how heat safety thresholds (HSTs) should be adjusted to provide effective guidelines remains uncertain. Thus, we conducted a case-crossover study using data of heat illness cases and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) throughout Japan to evaluate the heat illness risk for the current HSTs and propose adjustments. A significant relationship was found between heat illness incidence and WBGT at the time of the incident, as well as the average WBGT one and two days prior. The risk significantly varies with factors such as club, region, location, year, month, and the average WBGT in summer. Therefore, we recommend lowering the current HSTs by one category (3 °C) in the following cases: (1) clubs at high risk (baseball, softball, soccer/futsal, tennis, track and field, kyudo, and other with sustained exercise or thick uniforms); (2) from April to June; (3) in cooler regions (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Hokuriku, or where the average WBGT in summer≦18℃); (4) for outdoor activities; (5) when heat rapidly increases without adequate heat acclimatization. These findings may inform educators, students, sports authorities, and policymakers in adjusting HSTs to reduce the incidence of heat illness, thereby ensuring safer environments for school sports activities.

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建议调整日本初中和高中体育俱乐部的高温安全阈值。
随着全球气候变化导致未来气温升高,应对热病等健康风险变得越来越重要。在日本,每年在学校体育俱乐部活动中发生的热病病例数以千计。不同的运动项目、地点和地区可能存在不同的风险,但如何调整热安全阈值(HST)以提供有效的指导仍不确定。因此,我们利用日本全国的热病病例和湿球温度(WBGT)数据进行了一项病例交叉研究,以评估现行 HST 的热病风险并提出调整建议。研究发现,热病发病率与事发时的 WBGT 以及事发前一、两天的平均 WBGT 之间存在明显关系。风险因俱乐部、地区、地点、年份、月份和夏季平均 WBGT 等因素而明显不同。因此,我们建议在以下情况下将现行的 HST 降低一个等级(3 °C):(1) 高风险俱乐部(棒球、垒球、足球/五人制足球、网球、田径、武道及其他持续运动或穿着厚制服的俱乐部);(2) 4 月至 6 月;(3) 较凉爽地区(北海道、东北、北陆,或夏季平均 WBGT ≦18℃的地区);(4) 户外活动;(5) 热量迅速升高而未充分适应的情况。这些研究结果可为教育工作者、学生、体育管理部门和政策制定者提供信息,帮助他们调整高温津贴,降低热病发病率,从而确保学校体育活动环境更加安全。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
9.40%
发文量
183
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal publishes original research papers, review articles and short communications on studies examining the interactions between living organisms and factors of the natural and artificial atmospheric environment. Living organisms extend from single cell organisms, to plants and animals, including humans. The atmospheric environment includes climate and weather, electromagnetic radiation, and chemical and biological pollutants. The journal embraces basic and applied research and practical aspects such as living conditions, agriculture, forestry, and health. The journal is published for the International Society of Biometeorology, and most membership categories include a subscription to the Journal.
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