Jack of all trades, master of one: domain-specific and domain-general contributions to perceptual expertise in visual comparison.

IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI:10.1186/s41235-024-00596-0
Bethany Growns, James D Dunn, Rebecca K Helm, Alice Towler, Erwin J A T Mattijssen, Kristy A Martire
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Abstract

Perceptual expertise is typically domain-specific and rarely generalises beyond an expert's domain of experience. Forensic feature-comparison examiners outperform the norm in domain-specific visual comparison, but emerging research suggests that they show advantages on other similar tasks outside their domain of expertise. For example, fingerprint examiners not only outperform novices in fingerprint comparison, but also in face comparison. Yet, the extent to which their skills generalise is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the generalisability of perceptual expertise amongst forensic examiners by comparing their performance to novices and other examiners within and outside their area of expertise. We recruited 85 experts from three forensic disciplines (face, fingerprint, and firearms) and asked them to complete four different visual comparison tasks: faces, fingerprints, firearms, and novel-objects. Examiners displayed domain-specific expertise: they outperformed novices and other examiners within their domain of visual comparison expertise. Yet, some of their skill also generalised: examiners also outperformed novices outside their area of expertise. However, while individual differences in examiners' performance within their domain of experience were associated with their performance in a novel comparison task, they were not related to their performance on tasks outside their expert domain. These results provide key insight into the domain-specific and domain-general contributions of forensic examiners' perceptual expertise. Forensic expertise lends some generalisable skill to other visual comparison tasks, but best performance is still seen within examiners' domain of expertise.

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万事通,样样精通:特定领域和一般领域对视觉比较中知觉专长的贡献。
感知专长通常是针对特定领域的,很少会超越专家的经验领域。在特定领域的视觉比较中,法医特征比较检查员的表现优于常人,但新的研究表明,他们在其专业领域之外的其他类似任务中也表现出优势。例如,指纹检验员不仅在指纹比对中胜过新手,而且在人脸比对中也胜过新手。然而,人们对他们的技能在多大程度上具有普遍性却知之甚少。在本研究中,我们通过比较法医检验员与新手以及其专业领域内外的其他检验员的表现,调查了法医检验员感知专业知识的通用性。我们招募了来自三个法医学科(人脸、指纹和枪支)的 85 名专家,要求他们完成四种不同的视觉对比任务:人脸、指纹、枪支和新奇物品。检查员表现出了特定领域的专业技能:在他们的视觉对比专业领域内,他们的表现优于新手和其他检查员。然而,他们的某些技能也具有普遍性:检查员在其专业领域之外的表现也优于新手。不过,虽然检查员在其经验领域内的表现的个体差异与他们在新颖对比任务中的表现有关,但与他们在其专业领域外的任务中的表现无关。这些结果提供了法医检验人员感知专业知识对特定领域和一般领域贡献的重要见解。法医专业知识可将某些可通用的技能应用于其他视觉对比任务,但最佳表现仍是在检查员的专业领域内。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
7.30%
发文量
96
审稿时长
25 weeks
期刊最新文献
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