{"title":"Quality Control Method (UPLC-PDA) of Ajuga parviflora Benth. and Its Antiadipogenic Effect on Differentiated Preadipocytes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100950","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Ajuga parviflora</em> is traditionally used for fever, diabetes, and digestive problems. Currently, Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-Photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) method to determine ajugasterone C, cyasterone, and vanillic acid in <em>A. parviflora</em> was focused to develop and validate a method for quality control perspective. Further, the evaluation of antiadipogenic and antidiabetic potential of <em>A. parviflora</em> was also targeted.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>UPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for targeted compounds as per International Council on Harmonisation guidelines. The validated method was used to determine marker compounds in <em>A. parviflora</em> extracts (Ethanol: EtOH, 50% EtOH, and water; leaves and roots). Further, UPLC-ELSD was used to determine free sugars in samples. Moreover, the antiadipogenic effect of <em>A. parviflora</em> extracts was examined on 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes cell line. Cells were subjected to various dosages of leaves and root extracts, and the extent of lipid accumulation was evaluated. Furthermore, cells were treated with different extracts prior to hydrogen peroxide exposure, and then the effects of <em>A. parviflora</em> treatments on oxidative stress, cell survival, and insulin sensitisation were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The validated UPLC-PDA method was found reproducible to determine ajugasterone C, cyasterone, and vanillic acid. These compounds were found in all the samples. Biologically, leaves and roots extract of <em>A. parviflora</em> drastically suppressed adipogenesis by lowering intracellular lipid accumulation in dose-dependent manner. They improved insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake and protected cellular health from oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and reversing apoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggested that ethanol extract of leaves exhibited potent antiadipogenic properties and UPLC-PDA will be a reproducible method to assess quality of <em>A. parviflora</em> and its derived products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210803324001076","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction
Ajuga parviflora is traditionally used for fever, diabetes, and digestive problems. Currently, Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-Photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) method to determine ajugasterone C, cyasterone, and vanillic acid in A. parviflora was focused to develop and validate a method for quality control perspective. Further, the evaluation of antiadipogenic and antidiabetic potential of A. parviflora was also targeted.
Methods
UPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for targeted compounds as per International Council on Harmonisation guidelines. The validated method was used to determine marker compounds in A. parviflora extracts (Ethanol: EtOH, 50% EtOH, and water; leaves and roots). Further, UPLC-ELSD was used to determine free sugars in samples. Moreover, the antiadipogenic effect of A. parviflora extracts was examined on 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes cell line. Cells were subjected to various dosages of leaves and root extracts, and the extent of lipid accumulation was evaluated. Furthermore, cells were treated with different extracts prior to hydrogen peroxide exposure, and then the effects of A. parviflora treatments on oxidative stress, cell survival, and insulin sensitisation were assessed.
Results
The validated UPLC-PDA method was found reproducible to determine ajugasterone C, cyasterone, and vanillic acid. These compounds were found in all the samples. Biologically, leaves and roots extract of A. parviflora drastically suppressed adipogenesis by lowering intracellular lipid accumulation in dose-dependent manner. They improved insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake and protected cellular health from oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and reversing apoptosis.
Conclusions
Findings suggested that ethanol extract of leaves exhibited potent antiadipogenic properties and UPLC-PDA will be a reproducible method to assess quality of A. parviflora and its derived products.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Herbal Medicine, the official journal of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, is a peer reviewed journal which aims to serve its readers as an authoritative resource on the profession and practice of herbal medicine. The content areas of the journal reflect the interests of Medical Herbalists and other health professionals interested in the clinical and professional application of botanical medicines. The objective is to strengthen the research and educational base of herbal medicine with research papers in the form of case studies, original research articles and reviews, monographs, clinical trials and relevant in vitro studies. It also publishes policy statements, opinion pieces, book reviews, conference proceedings and profession related information such as pharmacovigilance reports providing an information source for not only the Herbal Practitioner but any Health professional with an interest in phytotherapy.
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