Hyuncheal Lee , Jihun Lim , Hayoung Lee , Seungkwan Hong
{"title":"Sustainable approach for selective lithium recovery: Capacitive deionization integrated with novel LMO flow-electrode","authors":"Hyuncheal Lee , Jihun Lim , Hayoung Lee , Seungkwan Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118224","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reusing materials from discarded batteries offers an environmentally friendly approach to lithium ion(Li<sup>+</sup>) recovery. Therefore, in this study, flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) was employed using lithium manganese oxide (LMO) from spent batteries to selectively recover Li<sup>+</sup> from leachate. The Li<sup>+</sup> selectivity of LMO enabled effective recovery from waste solutions containing various ionic substances. Delithiation of the LMO to produce λ-MnO<sub>2</sub> enhanced its Li<sup>+</sup> adsorption capacity. Successful synthesis was confirmed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, while BET analysis validated the suitability of the process for Li<sup>+</sup> intercalation and deintercalation. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Li<sup>+</sup> in the electrode material at each stage, verifying the successful adsorption and recovery. CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses showed lower charge transfer resistance and higher ionic conductivity for the λ-MnO<sub>2</sub> electrode as compared to activated carbon (AC), indicating its superior electrochemical performance. The λ-MnO<sub>2</sub>-based FCDI system outperformed the AC-based system; its removal rate was 3.08 times higher, specific energy consumption (SEC) was 2.6 times lower, and average salt adsorption rate (ASAR) was 5.1 times greater. Adsorption and recovery experiments indicated higher selectivity for Li<sup>+</sup> ions as compared to Co<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions, further highlighting the superior performance of the λ-MnO<sub>2</sub> based system. In conclusion, the λ-MnO<sub>2</sub> electrode, recycled from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), is not only an excellent material for high-efficiency and selective lithium recovery via the FCDI process, but also holds the potential to revolutionize sustainable lithium recovery technologies. This study is a significant step towards addressing the climate crisis, promoting environmental protection, and conserving our valuable resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118224"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Desalination","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916424009354","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Reusing materials from discarded batteries offers an environmentally friendly approach to lithium ion(Li+) recovery. Therefore, in this study, flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) was employed using lithium manganese oxide (LMO) from spent batteries to selectively recover Li+ from leachate. The Li+ selectivity of LMO enabled effective recovery from waste solutions containing various ionic substances. Delithiation of the LMO to produce λ-MnO2 enhanced its Li+ adsorption capacity. Successful synthesis was confirmed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, while BET analysis validated the suitability of the process for Li+ intercalation and deintercalation. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Co2+, Ni2+, and Li+ in the electrode material at each stage, verifying the successful adsorption and recovery. CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses showed lower charge transfer resistance and higher ionic conductivity for the λ-MnO2 electrode as compared to activated carbon (AC), indicating its superior electrochemical performance. The λ-MnO2-based FCDI system outperformed the AC-based system; its removal rate was 3.08 times higher, specific energy consumption (SEC) was 2.6 times lower, and average salt adsorption rate (ASAR) was 5.1 times greater. Adsorption and recovery experiments indicated higher selectivity for Li+ ions as compared to Co2+ and Ni2+ ions, further highlighting the superior performance of the λ-MnO2 based system. In conclusion, the λ-MnO2 electrode, recycled from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), is not only an excellent material for high-efficiency and selective lithium recovery via the FCDI process, but also holds the potential to revolutionize sustainable lithium recovery technologies. This study is a significant step towards addressing the climate crisis, promoting environmental protection, and conserving our valuable resources.
期刊介绍：
Desalination is a scholarly journal that focuses on the field of desalination materials, processes, and associated technologies. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines and aims to publish exceptional papers in this area.
The journal invites submissions that explicitly revolve around water desalting and its applications to various sources such as seawater, groundwater, and wastewater. It particularly encourages research on diverse desalination methods including thermal, membrane, sorption, and hybrid processes.
By providing a platform for innovative studies, Desalination aims to advance the understanding and development of desalination technologies, promoting sustainable solutions for water scarcity challenges.
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