Understanding the role of topography on valley floor gully and hillslope gully development in cropland of the rolling hill region of northeast China

IF 3.1 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Geomorphology Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109463
Yuhao Gao , Yifan Zhu , Junxi Chen , Yiting Huang , Yangbo He , Zhengchao Tian , Lirong Lin , Chongfa Cai , Jiazhou Chen
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Abstract

In regions with steep slopes, the classification of permanent gully (PG) into hillslope gullies (HG) and valley floor gullies (VG) was obvious before the study began. However, in the rolling hill region (slope < 5°), the difference between HG and VG was often overlooked. Moreover, there is no standardized approach for classifying gullies, which results in ambiguity regarding the impact of topography on various developmental stages of gullies and significantly impairs the effective management of gully erosion in the rolling hill region. We propose a remote sensing-based classification method to categorize 1081 PG into VG and HG in the cropland of the rolling hill region. The high-resolution satellite images (0.7 m) from 2010 and 2021 of all PGs were used to obtain the gully development rate and distribution patterns. Among these, 79 typical PGs were investigated using UAV to acquire high-resolution DEM (5 cm), which was used to analyze the relationship between the single or composite topographic factor and gully development rates. The results show that the proposed classification method can effectively recognize the VG and HG in the rolling hill region. The average length, area, and volume of the VG were found to be 2.31, 3.15, and 6.59 times that of the HG, respectively. The rate of gully head retreat, expansion area, and volume of the VG were also 1.59, 2.48, and 5.81 times faster than that of the HG, respectively. In HG and VG, the retreat rate of gully head (Δl) both showed a positive linear correlation with the distance from the gully head to the catchment divide (LA). The extension rate of gully area (Δa) was positively linearly and exponentially correlated with composite topographic factor SA (product of local slope (S) and contributing area above the gully head (A)). Additionally, the Δa of VG was strongly related to the shape and size of A, while the Δa of HG was strongly related to S. The gully volume expansion rate (ΔV) of both HG and VG was influenced by factors such as the existing size of the gully, the contributing area of the outlet (Ao), and the elevation difference from the outlet to the gully head (h). Hence, the changes in Δl and Δa for PG are primarily attributed to hydraulic erosion, while ΔV is influenced by both hydraulic and gravitational erosion. The study has shown the non-negligible influence of HG and VG in the rolling hill region. And the composite topographic factors can also better predict the PG development rate. This study contributes to the formulation of effective soil erosion prevention strategies and sustainable land management practices.
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了解地形对中国东北连绵起伏丘陵地区耕地谷底沟壑和山坡沟壑发育的作用
在陡坡地区,永久性冲沟(PG)分为山坡冲沟(HG)和谷底冲沟(VG),这在研究开始之前就很明显。然而,在连绵起伏的丘陵地区(坡度为 5°),HG 和 VG 的区别往往被忽视。此外,目前还没有标准化的沟壑分类方法,这导致地形对沟壑不同发育阶段的影响不明确,严重影响了连绵起伏丘陵地区沟壑侵蚀的有效治理。我们提出了一种基于遥感的分类方法,将连绵起伏丘陵地区耕地中的 1081 条 PG 分为 VG 和 HG 两类。利用 2010 年和 2021 年所有 PG 的高分辨率卫星图像(0.7 m),获得了沟壑发育率和分布模式。其中,利用无人机获取高分辨率 DEM(5 cm),对 79 个典型 PGs 进行了调查,用于分析单一或复合地形因子与沟壑发育率之间的关系。结果表明,所提出的分类方法能够有效识别起伏丘陵地区的 VG 和 HG。VG 的平均长度、面积和体积分别是 HG 的 2.31 倍、3.15 倍和 6.59 倍。VG 的沟头后退速度、扩展面积和体积也分别是 HG 的 1.59 倍、2.48 倍和 5.81 倍。在 HG 和 VG 中,沟头后退速率(Δl)均与沟头至汇水分界线(LA)的距离呈正线性相关。沟谷面积的扩展率(Δa)与复合地形因子 SA(当地坡度(S)与沟谷头以上的汇水面积(A)的乘积)呈正线性指数关系。此外,VG 的 Δa 与 A 的形状和大小密切相关,而 HG 的 Δa 则与 S 密切相关。HG 和 VG 的沟谷体积膨胀率 (ΔV)受沟谷的现有大小、出水口的汇水面积 (Ao) 以及出水口到沟顶的高差 (h) 等因素的影响。因此,PG 的 Δl 和 Δa 变化主要归因于水力侵蚀,而 ΔV 则受到水力和重力侵蚀的双重影响。研究表明,在连绵起伏的丘陵地区,HG 和 VG 的影响不容忽视。综合地形因素也能更好地预测 PG 的发展速度。这项研究有助于制定有效的水土流失预防策略和可持续的土地管理方法。
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来源期刊
Geomorphology
Geomorphology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
10.30%
发文量
309
审稿时长
3.4 months
期刊介绍: Our journal''s scope includes geomorphic themes of: tectonics and regional structure; glacial processes and landforms; fluvial sequences, Quaternary environmental change and dating; fluvial processes and landforms; mass movement, slopes and periglacial processes; hillslopes and soil erosion; weathering, karst and soils; aeolian processes and landforms, coastal dunes and arid environments; coastal and marine processes, estuaries and lakes; modelling, theoretical and quantitative geomorphology; DEM, GIS and remote sensing methods and applications; hazards, applied and planetary geomorphology; and volcanics.
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