An extensive review on transition metal catalyzed indole CH activation: Catalyst selection and mechanistic insights

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Polyhedron Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.poly.2024.117260

C.J. Ann Mary , Devipriya Vasudevan , Prasiddha Nagarajan , S. Suhas , Ajesh Vijayan , K.V. Radhakrishnan , Y.N. Sudhakar

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Abstract

The present review article explores the expansive synthetic methodologies facilitated by CH activation of indoles using transition metal catalysts. The strategic utilization of catalysts such as palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and manganese has revolutionized organic synthesis by enabling selective alkynylation, acylation, and annulation reactions. These transformations are pivotal in pharmaceuticals, particularly in the synthesis of antihistamines and potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, these catalysts play a crucial role in perfumery and other chemical industries, enhancing the efficiency and precision of compound synthesis. The choice of transition metal catalysts is informed by their affordability and compatibility with both traditional analytical methods and innovative techniques like microwave synthesis and LED irradiation. Furthermore, this review underscores the interdisciplinary impact of transition metal-catalyzed CH activation on indoles, highlighting its significance in advancing both fundamental organic chemistry and applied sciences essential for modern technological advancements and drug discovery efforts.

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关于过渡金属催化吲哚 CH 活化的广泛综述：催化剂的选择和机理认识

本综述文章探讨了利用过渡金属催化剂对吲哚进行 CH 活化所促进的扩展合成方法。钯、铑、铱、钌和锰等催化剂的战略性使用，使选择性炔化、酰化和环化反应成为可能，从而彻底改变了有机合成。这些转化反应在制药领域，尤其是在合成抗组胺药和潜在的抗 SARS-CoV-2 病毒药物方面，具有举足轻重的作用。此外，这些催化剂在香水和其他化学工业中也发挥着至关重要的作用，可提高化合物合成的效率和精确度。选择过渡金属催化剂的依据是它们的经济性以及与传统分析方法和创新技术（如微波合成和 LED 照射）的兼容性。此外，本综述还强调了过渡金属催化 CH 活化对吲哚的跨学科影响，突出了其在推进基础有机化学和应用科学方面的重要意义，而基础有机化学和应用科学对于现代技术进步和药物发现工作至关重要。

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来源期刊

Polyhedron 化学-晶体学

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

7.70%

发文量

515

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Polyhedron publishes original, fundamental, experimental and theoretical work of the highest quality in all the major areas of inorganic chemistry. This includes synthetic chemistry, coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, and solid-state and materials chemistry. Papers should be significant pieces of work, and all new compounds must be appropriately characterized. The inclusion of single-crystal X-ray structural data is strongly encouraged, but papers reporting only the X-ray structure determination of a single compound will usually not be considered. Papers on solid-state or materials chemistry will be expected to have a significant molecular chemistry component (such as the synthesis and characterization of the molecular precursors and/or a systematic study of the use of different precursors or reaction conditions) or demonstrate a cutting-edge application (for example inorganic materials for energy applications). Papers dealing only with stability constants are not considered.