On the lifespan of nonzero background solutions to a class of focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Abstract

The global solvability in time and the potential for blow-up of solutions to non-integrable focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equations with nonzero boundary conditions at infinity present challenges that are less explored and understood compared to the case of zero boundary conditions. In this work, we address these questions by establishing estimates on the lifespan of solutions to non-integrable equations involving a general class of nonlinearities. These estimates depend on the size of the initial data, the growth of the nonlinearity, and relevant quantities associated with the amplitude of the background. The estimates provide quantified upper bounds for the minimum guaranteed lifespan of solutions. Qualitatively, for small initial data and background, these upper bounds suggest long survival times consistent with global existence of solutions. On the other hand, for larger initial data and background, the estimates indicate the potential for the intriguing phenomenon of instantaneous collapse in finite time. These qualitative theoretical results are illustrated via numerical simulations. Furthermore, importantly, the numerical findings motivate the proof of improved theoretical upper bounds that provide excellent quantitative agreement with the order of the numerically identified lifespan of solutions.