Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103705
Jiayi Que , Gongyao Chu , Weijian Zhou
As acoustic devices race toward intelligence and miniaturization, the fixed geometry of passive metasurfaces renders them unable to adapt to dynamic environments, underscoring the urgent need for actively tunable counterparts. Here, we propose a piezoelectric membrane metasurface steered by negative-capacitance circuits to shatter the tuning inflexibility of passive metamaterials. A multiphysics model that unites vibro-acoustic and piezoelectric couplings, solved by finite element simulations, elucidates how circuit parameters alone can continuously tailor the effective Young’s modulus and reflection phase across 0–2π without any structural alteration, liberating the design from dimensional constraints. Leveraging this principle, we realize a reconfigurable intelligent metasurface that performs anomalous reflection and planar acoustic focusing, with simulations in excellent agreement with theory. Combining a sub-wavelength footprint, microsecond response and high fidelity, this active-tuning paradigm charts a fresh route for next-generation smart acoustics in noise control and ultrasonic imaging.
{"title":"Active tuning of reflected acoustic wave with piezoelectric membrane metasurfaces","authors":"Jiayi Que , Gongyao Chu , Weijian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As acoustic devices race toward intelligence and miniaturization, the fixed geometry of passive metasurfaces renders them unable to adapt to dynamic environments, underscoring the urgent need for actively tunable counterparts. Here, we propose a piezoelectric membrane metasurface steered by negative-capacitance circuits to shatter the tuning inflexibility of passive metamaterials. A multiphysics model that unites vibro-acoustic and piezoelectric couplings, solved by finite element simulations, elucidates how circuit parameters alone can continuously tailor the effective Young’s modulus and reflection phase across 0–2π without any structural alteration, liberating the design from dimensional constraints. Leveraging this principle, we realize a reconfigurable intelligent metasurface that performs anomalous reflection and planar acoustic focusing, with simulations in excellent agreement with theory. Combining a sub-wavelength footprint, microsecond response and high fidelity, this active-tuning paradigm charts a fresh route for next-generation smart acoustics in noise control and ultrasonic imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103704
Wojciech P. Rdzanek , Jerzy Wiciak , Krzysztof Szemela , Marek Pawelczyk , Li Cheng
This study presents an analysis of sound radiation from a vibrating thin clamped rectangular plate using exact formulas. A new analytical approach–referred to here as the theoretical approximate formulas method–is proposed and applied to cases where the plate is either embedded in a rigid infinite baffle or has no baffle at all. The exact eigenfrequencies of the plate are obtained from a system of five coupled characteristic equations, as reported in the literature. The biharmonic equation governing the plate’s vibrations is coupled with the Helmholtz equation on both sides of the plate, thereby incorporating acoustic attenuation into the model. To represent the acoustic pressure and radiated acoustic power, a double Fourier transform is employed. These quantities are expressed as expansion series involving double infinite integrals. The integrals are evaluated exactly using the spectral mapping method, the Dini series, and radial polynomials.
The resulting solutions are accurate and rapidly convergent, spanning from frequencies below the plate’s fundamental frequency to those above its critical frequency. Consequently, the proposed method enables effective and precise solutions to both Neumann and Dirichlet boundary value problems, and facilitates detailed analysis of the resulting acoustic fields. The findings can be applied to predict the acoustic behavior of structural casing elements shaped in the form of thin rectangular plates, in industrial environments. Selected numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate the method’s applicability.
{"title":"Analysis of sound radiation from a vibrating clamped thin rectangular plate without baffle and in the rigid baffle using exact formulas","authors":"Wojciech P. Rdzanek , Jerzy Wiciak , Krzysztof Szemela , Marek Pawelczyk , Li Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an analysis of sound radiation from a vibrating thin clamped rectangular plate using exact formulas. A new analytical approach–referred to here as the <em>theoretical approximate formulas method</em>–is proposed and applied to cases where the plate is either embedded in a rigid infinite baffle or has no baffle at all. The exact eigenfrequencies of the plate are obtained from a system of five coupled characteristic equations, as reported in the literature. The biharmonic equation governing the plate’s vibrations is coupled with the Helmholtz equation on both sides of the plate, thereby incorporating acoustic attenuation into the model. To represent the acoustic pressure and radiated acoustic power, a double Fourier transform is employed. These quantities are expressed as expansion series involving double infinite integrals. The integrals are evaluated exactly using the spectral mapping method, the Dini series, and radial polynomials.</div><div>The resulting solutions are accurate and rapidly convergent, spanning from frequencies below the plate’s fundamental frequency to those above its critical frequency. Consequently, the proposed method enables effective and precise solutions to both Neumann and Dirichlet boundary value problems, and facilitates detailed analysis of the resulting acoustic fields. The findings can be applied to predict the acoustic behavior of structural casing elements shaped in the form of thin rectangular plates, in industrial environments. Selected numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate the method’s applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103702
Mario Lázaro , Marc Martí-Sabaté , Richard V. Craster , Vicent Romero-García
We introduce a weak scattering formulation for flexural waves in thin elastic plates loaded by point-like resonators with an approach employing the Born approximation and far-field asymptotics of the Green’s function to characterize multiple scattering effects in this system. The response of the system to an incident wave is expressed as a power series expansion where each term introduces higher-order scattering components. The behaviour of this series is governed by the spectral properties of a specific matrix dictating the convergence and accuracy of the weak scattering approximation. By decomposing the scattering response into geometric and physical contributions, we establish a condition for weak scattering in terms of these two factors. This formulation provides a systematic framework for assessing the validity of low-order approximations and understanding wave interactions in complex media. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of the weak scattering approximation in periodic and random distributions of scatterers, highlighting implications for wave control and metamaterial design.
{"title":"Weak scattering formulation for flexural waves in thin elastic plates with point-like resonators","authors":"Mario Lázaro , Marc Martí-Sabaté , Richard V. Craster , Vicent Romero-García","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce a weak scattering formulation for flexural waves in thin elastic plates loaded by point-like resonators with an approach employing the Born approximation and far-field asymptotics of the Green’s function to characterize multiple scattering effects in this system. The response of the system to an incident wave is expressed as a power series expansion where each term introduces higher-order scattering components. The behaviour of this series is governed by the spectral properties of a specific matrix dictating the convergence and accuracy of the weak scattering approximation. By decomposing the scattering response into geometric and physical contributions, we establish a condition for weak scattering in terms of these two factors. This formulation provides a systematic framework for assessing the validity of low-order approximations and understanding wave interactions in complex media. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of the weak scattering approximation in periodic and random distributions of scatterers, highlighting implications for wave control and metamaterial design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the three-dimensional acoustic radiation force (ARF) of a fluid-filled viscoelastic spherical shell positioned arbitrarily in a zero-order Mathieu beam(zMB). A series of simulations were conducted to undertake a systematic investigation of the ARF of the shell, with a particular emphasis on the effects of beam parameters (dimensionless frequency, half-cone angle, ellipticity parameter) and material parameters (shell material, filling medium, relative thickness, particle position). The results demonstrated that increasing the ellipticity parameter has the effect of reducing the amplitudes of both the transverse force and axial force, whilst concomitantly shifting the peak of transverse force towards larger half-cone angles. Due to the asymmetric distribution of the acoustic field, the transverse force in y-axial direction displays a distinct variation pattern in comparison to that in x-axial direction. Furthermore, the material and structural properties of the particles have been found to have a significant impact on ARF. Thick shells () yield substantial ARF with a pattern analogous to solid spheres, while thin shells show reduced ARF magnitude and fewer frequency peaks. The fluid filling the shell also exerts a substantial influence on both the trend and the magnitude of variations of ARF. Moreover, the position of the particle in the beam exerts an influence on the ARF function. When the particle is close to the beam axis, it is displaced from the beam axis in the transverse plane. Conversely, when the particle is at a greater distance from the beam axis, the ARF exerts a force that draws the particle towards the beam axis. This study provides key theoretical support for the directional manipulation of viscoelastic structural particles in a zMB, facilitating its potential applications in acoustic tweezers, targeted drug delivery, and microfluidic sorting.
{"title":"Study on acoustic radiation force of a viscoelastic spherical shell in a zero-order Mathieu beam","authors":"Junxin Li , Jiajia Qu , Yupei Qiao , Xiaofeng Zhang , Guangbin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the three-dimensional acoustic radiation force (ARF) of a fluid-filled viscoelastic spherical shell positioned arbitrarily in a zero-order Mathieu beam(zMB). A series of simulations were conducted to undertake a systematic investigation of the ARF of the shell, with a particular emphasis on the effects of beam parameters (dimensionless frequency, half-cone angle, ellipticity parameter) and material parameters (shell material, filling medium, relative thickness, particle position). The results demonstrated that increasing the ellipticity parameter <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span> has the effect of reducing the amplitudes of both the transverse force and axial force, whilst concomitantly shifting the peak of transverse force towards larger half-cone angles. Due to the asymmetric distribution of the acoustic field, the transverse force in y-axial direction displays a distinct variation pattern in comparison to that in x-axial direction. Furthermore, the material and structural properties of the particles have been found to have a significant impact on ARF. Thick shells (<span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>∼</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></math></span>) yield substantial ARF with a pattern analogous to solid spheres, while thin shells show reduced ARF magnitude and fewer frequency peaks. The fluid filling the shell also exerts a substantial influence on both the trend and the magnitude of variations of ARF. Moreover, the position of the particle in the beam exerts an influence on the ARF function. When the particle is close to the beam axis, it is displaced from the beam axis in the transverse plane. Conversely, when the particle is at a greater distance from the beam axis, the ARF exerts a force that draws the particle towards the beam axis. This study provides key theoretical support for the directional manipulation of viscoelastic structural particles in a zMB, facilitating its potential applications in acoustic tweezers, targeted drug delivery, and microfluidic sorting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103701
Yi An , Zhijiang Chen
Since the dispersion spectrum of periodic structures is usually determined by physical and geometric parameters, their bandgap characteristics remain unchanged after the metamaterial is designed, significantly limiting the application scenarios of this waveguide. How to actively control its working frequency is an essential and valuable topic. We investigate the propagation of harmonic anti-plane shear waves in the case of oblique incidence in periodic two-phase phononic laminates whose elementary cells are designed according to the quasicrystalline standard Fibonacci substitution rule. A trace-map formalism, providing a geometrical representation of the recursive rule governing the traces of three relevant transmission matrices, is used to study the resulting dynamic spectra. The traces of three consecutive elementary cells can be represented as a point on the surface and recursivity conveys the description of a discrete orbit on the surface. In analogy with the past 1D periodic structure, we show that for specific dispersion layouts of the elementary cell (the canonical configurations), the stop-/pass-band diagrams along the frequency domain are periodic. In addition, the dispersion layouts and associated canonical frequencies can be adjusted by regulation wave incident angles, which also leads to a variation of impedance mismatch. Therefore, the switch-on-off ability for wave propagation with certain frequencies is presented. Several periodic orbits exist and each corresponds to a self-similar portion of the dynamic spectra whose scaling law can be studied by linearising the trace map in the neighbourhood of the orbit. Our results provide an innovative method to actively excite and tune bandgap layouts for elastic waves, which may be profitably exploited for the realisation of elastic metamaterials.
{"title":"Wave propagation in angle regulated canonical quasicrystalline-generated laminates","authors":"Yi An , Zhijiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the dispersion spectrum of periodic structures is usually determined by physical and geometric parameters, their bandgap characteristics remain unchanged after the metamaterial is designed, significantly limiting the application scenarios of this waveguide. How to actively control its working frequency is an essential and valuable topic. We investigate the propagation of harmonic anti-plane shear waves in the case of oblique incidence in periodic two-phase phononic laminates whose elementary cells are designed according to the quasicrystalline standard Fibonacci substitution rule. A trace-map formalism, providing a geometrical representation of the recursive rule governing the traces of three relevant transmission matrices, is used to study the resulting dynamic spectra. The traces of three consecutive elementary cells can be represented as a point on the surface and recursivity conveys the description of a discrete orbit on the surface. In analogy with the past 1D periodic structure, we show that for specific dispersion layouts of the elementary cell (the <em>canonical</em> configurations), the stop-/pass-band diagrams along the frequency domain are periodic. In addition, the dispersion layouts and associated canonical frequencies can be adjusted by regulation wave incident angles, which also leads to a variation of impedance mismatch. Therefore, the switch-on-off ability for wave propagation with certain frequencies is presented. Several periodic orbits exist and each corresponds to a self-similar portion of the dynamic spectra whose scaling law can be studied by linearising the trace map in the neighbourhood of the orbit. Our results provide an innovative method to actively excite and tune bandgap layouts for elastic waves, which may be profitably exploited for the realisation of elastic metamaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103700
Majid Madadi , Mustafa Inc , Harun Bicer , Ebru Cavlak Aslan
This paper introduces a generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation, extending the classical Hirota bilinear framework to investigate novel aspects of nonlinear wave dynamics. By employing a combination of the Hirota bilinear method and the Pfaffian formulation, we systematically derive a rich variety of exact solutions, including multi-soliton waves, breathers, lump, periodic solutions, and complex hybrid structures. The study also examines the integrability of the proposed model, revealing that despite failing the Painlevé test, the equation admits integrability in the solitonic sense. The results highlight the model’s broad adaptability and its promise for use in diverse scientific fields, including nonlinear optical systems, fluid dynamics, and plasma research.
{"title":"Exploring nonlinear wave dynamics through an extended (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation: Integrability and pfaffian solutions","authors":"Majid Madadi , Mustafa Inc , Harun Bicer , Ebru Cavlak Aslan","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation, extending the classical Hirota bilinear framework to investigate novel aspects of nonlinear wave dynamics. By employing a combination of the Hirota bilinear method and the Pfaffian formulation, we systematically derive a rich variety of exact solutions, including multi-soliton waves, breathers, lump, periodic solutions, and complex hybrid structures. The study also examines the integrability of the proposed model, revealing that despite failing the Painlevé test, the equation admits integrability in the solitonic sense. The results highlight the model’s broad adaptability and its promise for use in diverse scientific fields, including nonlinear optical systems, fluid dynamics, and plasma research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103699
Yayu Chen , Tianhang Ma , Weimin Zhang , Kai Wang , Shijun Bi
To address the challenges of low accuracy and poor timeliness in leak detection for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) membranes in a landfill, this paper proposes a novel localization model based on Ultrasonic Lamb waves. The method leverages sparse decomposition theory combined with a particle swarm optimization algorithm for denoising weak reflection signals and accurately estimating energy attenuation parameters. An over-complete dictionary matching the ultrasonic signal structure was constructed to isolate damage-related features from noise. By defining a damage index (DIp) and employing a damage probability imaging algorithm, the model achieves precise leak localization. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the damage index resolution compared to traditional wavelet analysis, with average localization errors of 2.6 mm for single leaks and 6.4 mm for double leaks, representing error reductions of 68.2 % and 54.0 %, respectively.
{"title":"Research on a leakage localization model of HDPE membranes based on ultrasonic principles","authors":"Yayu Chen , Tianhang Ma , Weimin Zhang , Kai Wang , Shijun Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2026.103699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges of low accuracy and poor timeliness in leak detection for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) membranes in a landfill, this paper proposes a novel localization model based on Ultrasonic Lamb waves. The method leverages sparse decomposition theory combined with a particle swarm optimization algorithm for denoising weak reflection signals and accurately estimating energy attenuation parameters. An over-complete dictionary matching the ultrasonic signal structure was constructed to isolate damage-related features from noise. By defining a damage index (<em>DI</em><sub>p</sub>) and employing a damage probability imaging algorithm, the model achieves precise leak localization. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the damage index resolution compared to traditional wavelet analysis, with average localization errors of 2.6 mm for single leaks and 6.4 mm for double leaks, representing error reductions of 68.2 % and 54.0 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103698
Mark R. Carlisle, Brian E. Anderson
Time reversal (TR) is a technique used to focus wave energy to a selected location. High energy TR focusing has application in biomedical ultrasound and nondestructive evaluation of cracks or defects in solids. These applications can benefit from having the narrowest possible spatial extent of the focused sound energy, which is normally diffraction limited. Two-dimensional Helmholtz resonator arrays placed in the near field of TR focusing have been shown to produce a sub-diffraction limited spatial extent of the focused energy (when compared to the free-space wavelength). There is an apparent amplitude dependence to this focusing and this paper will discuss these nonlinear aspects. These observations were made by analyzing experimental results of TR focusing among an array of empty soda cans at different sound excitation levels. These nonlinear effects occur at much lower sound levels than is typical for nonlinear waveform steepening. The conclusion is made that the nonlinear observations are acoustic nonlinearities and are likely caused by acoustic jetting in Helmholtz resonators and this principally causes the amplitude of the focusing to be as much as three times lower in amplitude than linear scaling would predict and causes the spatial extent of the focusing to increase somewhat.
{"title":"The effects of nonlinear jetting in super resolution focusing of sound among a Helmholtz resonator array","authors":"Mark R. Carlisle, Brian E. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time reversal (TR) is a technique used to focus wave energy to a selected location. High energy TR focusing has application in biomedical ultrasound and nondestructive evaluation of cracks or defects in solids. These applications can benefit from having the narrowest possible spatial extent of the focused sound energy, which is normally diffraction limited. Two-dimensional Helmholtz resonator arrays placed in the near field of TR focusing have been shown to produce a sub-diffraction limited spatial extent of the focused energy (when compared to the free-space wavelength). There is an apparent amplitude dependence to this focusing and this paper will discuss these nonlinear aspects. These observations were made by analyzing experimental results of TR focusing among an array of empty soda cans at different sound excitation levels. These nonlinear effects occur at much lower sound levels than is typical for nonlinear waveform steepening. The conclusion is made that the nonlinear observations are acoustic nonlinearities and are likely caused by acoustic jetting in Helmholtz resonators and this principally causes the amplitude of the focusing to be as much as three times lower in amplitude than linear scaling would predict and causes the spatial extent of the focusing to increase somewhat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103697
Pasqualino Corigliano, Marco Quattrone
Ensuring the fatigue reliability of large container ships is critical for preventing catastrophic structural failures. Wave–structure interaction plays a critical role in the long-term structural integrity of marine vessels operating under stochastic seas. This study analyzes the fatigue behaviour of container-ship structures exposed to wave-induced vertical bending moments by combining a spectral representation of irregular waves with material-specific fatigue models. Wave loads are described using the Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum for a range of representative sea states, and the corresponding structural responses are evaluated through spectral fatigue analysis. Fatigue damage is quantified using S–N curves and the Palmgren–Miner rule for four common marine steels (AH32, AH36, AISI 1020, AISI 316 L). Results show that AH36 and AISI 1020 provide robust resistance to cyclic wave loads, while AH32 and AISI 316 L exhibit significantly shorter fatigue lives under extreme sea states. The comparison with classification-society design formulations shows discrepancies of up to 23 % relative to direct calculations, highlighting the inherent limitations of rule-based design methods. The study also outlines inspection intervals and monitoring strategies intended to mitigate early crack initiation and propagation in structurally sensitive midship regions. Collectively, these findings contribute to improving structural safety, operational reliability, and the long-term durability of ocean-going vessels. The findings enable the possible development of a tool that can be installed on ships to provide real-time insights. By utilizing the transfer function provided by the ship's designers and real-time sea conditions, the tool could calculate instantaneous maximum stress values experienced by critical structural components. This allows for immediate prediction of the remaining fatigue life if the material's fatigue limit is exceeded. The findings support the development of real-time fatigue monitoring tools, enabling ship operators to anticipate critical conditions and implement preventive maintenance before failure occurs.
{"title":"Spectral wave-induced loads and fatigue life of ship structures for different sea states","authors":"Pasqualino Corigliano, Marco Quattrone","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the fatigue reliability of large container ships is critical for preventing catastrophic structural failures. Wave–structure interaction plays a critical role in the long-term structural integrity of marine vessels operating under stochastic seas. This study analyzes the fatigue behaviour of container-ship structures exposed to wave-induced vertical bending moments by combining a spectral representation of irregular waves with material-specific fatigue models. Wave loads are described using the Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum for a range of representative sea states, and the corresponding structural responses are evaluated through spectral fatigue analysis. Fatigue damage is quantified using S–N curves and the Palmgren–Miner rule for four common marine steels (AH32, AH36, AISI 1020, AISI 316 L). Results show that AH36 and AISI 1020 provide robust resistance to cyclic wave loads, while AH32 and AISI 316 L exhibit significantly shorter fatigue lives under extreme sea states. The comparison with classification-society design formulations shows discrepancies of up to 23 % relative to direct calculations, highlighting the inherent limitations of rule-based design methods. The study also outlines inspection intervals and monitoring strategies intended to mitigate early crack initiation and propagation in structurally sensitive midship regions. Collectively, these findings contribute to improving structural safety, operational reliability, and the long-term durability of ocean-going vessels. The findings enable the possible development of a tool that can be installed on ships to provide real-time insights. By utilizing the transfer function provided by the ship's designers and real-time sea conditions, the tool could calculate instantaneous maximum stress values experienced by critical structural components. This allows for immediate prediction of the remaining fatigue life if the material's fatigue limit is exceeded. The findings support the development of real-time fatigue monitoring tools, enabling ship operators to anticipate critical conditions and implement preventive maintenance before failure occurs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103696
Yijie Zhao , Zhaqilao
For the three-component Hirota and Maxwell-Bloch equations, a general solution to the associated Lax pair is derived using the method of separation of variables and the method of variation of constants. Based on this general solution and the Darboux transformation, several types of nonlinear wave solutions are constructed. As three representative cases, breathers on the periodic background, Jacobi cn background, and Jacobi dn background are generated by taking the plane wave, the cn-periodic wave, and the dn-periodic wave as seed solutions, respectively. By choosing appropriate parameters, the corresponding dynamics and evolution of the three components are clearly revealed. For case 1, the one-breather and two-breather on the periodic background are obtained. In the case of one-breather on the periodic background, the background wave propagates along the t-axis, while the breather propagates along either the x-axis or the t-axis. For breathers on cn- and dn-periodic backgrounds, the breather travels along the t-axis, whereas the background wave propagates along the x-axis. Furthermore, in the degenerate case where the elliptic modulus m equals 1, breathers on the soliton background and two-soliton are also obtained. Next, by combining the Darboux transformation with the nonlinearization of the Lax pair, rogue waves on two types of periodic backgrounds are expressed in terms of the Jacobian elliptic functions cn and dn.
{"title":"Breathers and rogue waves on the periodic background in the Hirota and the Maxwell-Bloch equations","authors":"Yijie Zhao , Zhaqilao","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the three-component Hirota and Maxwell-Bloch equations, a general solution to the associated Lax pair is derived using the method of separation of variables and the method of variation of constants. Based on this general solution and the Darboux transformation, several types of nonlinear wave solutions are constructed. As three representative cases, breathers on the periodic background, Jacobi cn background, and Jacobi dn background are generated by taking the plane wave, the cn-periodic wave, and the dn-periodic wave as seed solutions, respectively. By choosing appropriate parameters, the corresponding dynamics and evolution of the three components are clearly revealed. For case 1, the one-breather and two-breather on the periodic background are obtained. In the case of one-breather on the periodic background, the background wave propagates along the t-axis, while the breather propagates along either the x-axis or the t-axis. For breathers on cn- and dn-periodic backgrounds, the breather travels along the t-axis, whereas the background wave propagates along the x-axis. Furthermore, in the degenerate case where the elliptic modulus m equals 1, breathers on the soliton background and two-soliton are also obtained. Next, by combining the Darboux transformation with the nonlinearization of the Lax pair, rogue waves on two types of periodic backgrounds are expressed in terms of the Jacobian elliptic functions cn and dn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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