A comparison of the early growth and survival of lesser-known tree species for climate change adaptation in Britain

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Forest Ecology and Management Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122340
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Abstract

Globally, climate change is altering both seasonal climates and the occurrence of extreme climate events, resulting in a drive to ensure our forests are resilient to these changes and the challenges they will bring. In Great Britain (GB), there has been a reliance on a limited number of species grown in monospecific plantations and concerns over the resilience of these forests is leading to a growing recognition of the need to diversify tree species composition. However, evidence of the relative growth rate and survival of alternative tree species and provenances during the critical establishment phase (typically within five or six years of planting) is often limited, hampering consideration of the wider adoption of many potentially suitable species. To address this knowledge gap, we compared tree height and survival data six years after planting from 34 provenances across 18 tree species at five experimental sites established across GB in 2012 in monospecific plots. For coniferous species, we found that Larix decidua, Larix x marschlinsii and Pinus radiata (on drier sites) were consistently amongst the tallest species, but survival could be variable. Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus pinaster also showed good early growth, matching the growth rate of Picea sitchensis (the most widely planted conifer in GB) when co-occurring and often exhibited good survival. In contrast Picea orientalis was slow to establish and amongst the smallest species at all five sites after six years, with Cedrus atlantica also performing poorly where planted. Surprisingly, we found very few differences in both mean tree height and survival between most provenances of the same species across all experimental sites, though more obvious differences may emerge as these trees mature. Only a small number of broadleaf species were available for analysis at age six in this study, but as expected Betula pendula generally performed well, while Acer macrophyllum often had very high mortality. While there are concerns around the susceptibility of pine species to Dothistroma septosporum and the future use of larch species in GB forestry is currently limited by the disease Phytophthora ramorum, our results highlight the potential for these species to establish well and exhibit good initial growth and survival on drier sites, with the same true of P. menziesii on moister sites. Future work should aim to understand whether further differences between species and provenances emerge with age and explore the potential of these emerging species as components of mixed-species stands to increase GB forest resilience to climate change.
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比较英国鲜为人知的适应气候变化树种的早期生长和存活情况
在全球范围内,气候变化正在改变季节性气候和极端气候事件的发生,这促使人们努力确保我们的森林能够抵御这些变化及其带来的挑战。在大不列颠(GB),人们一直依赖数量有限的树种在单一树种的种植园中生长,人们对这些森林的恢复能力感到担忧,因此越来越认识到需要使树种组成多样化。然而,在关键的建立阶段(通常是种植后的五或六年内),替代树种和产地的相对生长率和存活率的证据往往很有限,这妨碍了考虑更广泛地采用许多潜在的合适树种。为了填补这一知识空白,我们比较了 2012 年在英国各地建立的五个实验点中 18 个树种的 34 个品种在单一地块种植六年后的树高和存活率数据。在针叶树种方面,我们发现榉树(Larix decidua)、榉树(Larix x marschlinsii)和红松(Pinus radiata)(在较干旱的地点)一直是最高的树种,但存活率可能会有所不同。红松(Pseudotsuga menziesii)和黑松(Pinus pinaster)也表现出良好的早期生长,与西洋红松(Picea sitchensis)(英国种植最广泛的针叶树)的生长速度相当,而且通常存活率很高。相比之下,东方水杉的成活速度较慢,六年后在所有五个地点都是最小的树种之一,在种植东方水杉的地方表现也很差。令人惊讶的是,我们发现在所有实验地点,同一树种的大多数产地在平均树高和存活率方面几乎没有差异,不过随着这些树木的成熟,可能会出现更明显的差异。在这项研究中,只有少数阔叶树种可以在六龄时进行分析,但正如预期的那样,Betula pendula 一般表现良好,而 Acer macrophyllum 的死亡率往往很高。虽然人们担心松树容易感染七孢褐斑病,而且落叶松树种未来在英国林业中的使用目前也受到疫病的限制,但我们的研究结果突出表明,这些树种有可能在较干燥的地方很好地生长,并表现出良好的初期生长和存活率,而在较潮湿的地方,红叶石楠的情况也是如此。未来的工作应旨在了解树种和产地之间是否会随着树龄的增长而出现进一步的差异,并探索这些新兴树种作为混交树种林分组成部分的潜力,以提高国标林对气候变化的适应能力。
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来源期刊
Forest Ecology and Management
Forest Ecology and Management 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
10.80%
发文量
665
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: Forest Ecology and Management publishes scientific articles linking forest ecology with forest management, focusing on the application of biological, ecological and social knowledge to the management and conservation of plantations and natural forests. The scope of the journal includes all forest ecosystems of the world. A peer-review process ensures the quality and international interest of the manuscripts accepted for publication. The journal encourages communication between scientists in disparate fields who share a common interest in ecology and forest management, bridging the gap between research workers and forest managers. We encourage submission of papers that will have the strongest interest and value to the Journal''s international readership. Some key features of papers with strong interest include: 1. Clear connections between the ecology and management of forests; 2. Novel ideas or approaches to important challenges in forest ecology and management; 3. Studies that address a population of interest beyond the scale of single research sites, Three key points in the design of forest experiments, Forest Ecology and Management 255 (2008) 2022-2023); 4. Review Articles on timely, important topics. Authors are welcome to contact one of the editors to discuss the suitability of a potential review manuscript. The Journal encourages proposals for special issues examining important areas of forest ecology and management. Potential guest editors should contact any of the Editors to begin discussions about topics, potential papers, and other details.
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