Tunable diameter of electrospun fibers using empirical scaling laws of electrospinning parameters

Abstract

This study introduces a new semi-empirical power-law model for predicting electrospun fiber diameter (D), addressing key processing parameters. Polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers were produced using a solvent mixture of Trichloromethane (TCM), Dimethyl Formamide (DMF), and ethanol (EtOH). Systematic experiments validated an existing theoretical model and led to the development of a novel model: D ∼ (c^1/2η^1/3Q^1/5X^2/3)/(U^2/3ω^1/4I^1/5). This model incorporates seven crucial parameters: viscosity (η), concentration (c), voltage (U), spinning distance (X), flow–rate (Q), current (I) and collector wheel rotation speed (ω). The model was validated through a partial factorial design experiment, proving to be a valuable and reliable tool for predicting fiber diameters and optimizing electrospinning processes. The ability to control fiber diameter is essential for tailoring electrospun fibers for various applications, including biomedicine, filtration, sensors, and lightweight materials.