Optimization of trellis design and height for double-season hop (Humulus lupulus L.) production in a subtropical climate: Growth, morphology, yield, and cone quality during establishment years

IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY European Journal of Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2024.127415
Mariel Gallardo, Shinsuke Agehara, Jack Rechcigl
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Abstract

Photoperiod manipulation using supplemental lighting enables double-season production of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) under subtropical climatic conditions. In Florida, United States, the spring growing season (Spring) is from February to June, and the fall growing season (Fall) is from June to November. To develop the optimum trellis for this unique hop production system, we examined the effects of two trellis designs (straight trellis and V-trellis) and three trellis heights (3.7, 4.6, and 5.5 m) on growth, morphology, yield, and cone quality of 'Cascade' hops grown in west central Florida. The straight trellis had two twines per hill installed on a top middle cable, whereas the V-trellis had four twines per hill installed on two top parallel cables. We trained 16 bines per hill for both trellises. Data were collected during establishment years: Year 1 and Year 2. Yield showed significant season × trellis height interaction effects. Surprisingly, yield was highest in Year 1 Spring and decreased by 45–74 % in the subsequent seasons. Increasing trellis height from 3.7 to 5.5 m increased yield by 78–215 %. On average, the V-trellis produced 24 % higher yield than the straight trellis. The 5.5-m V-trellis produced the highest annual yield of 1807 kg ha–1 in Year 1. Yield had a significant positive correlation with stem dry weight in Year 1 Spring and Year 2 Spring, but it had no significant correlation with bine number per hill, stem diameter, and internode length in any season. Cone quality showed significant seasonal variations. Total α acid concentration decreased from Spring to Fall in both years and recorded the highest value in Year 2 Spring. Similarly, total essential oil content was highest in Year 2 Spring. Except in Year 2 Fall, total α acid concentration (5.35–8.25 %) was within or above the normal range for ‘Cascade’. Compared to these seasonal variations, trellis design and height effects on cone quality were relatively small. These results suggest that, during establishment years, adopting a V-trellis design and increasing trellis height can maximize yield in subtropical hop production without compromising overall cone quality. Ongoing research will validate these findings in mature hop plants.
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优化亚热带气候条件下双季酒花(Humulus lupulus L.)生产的大棚设计和高度:种植年的生长、形态、产量和果实质量
在亚热带气候条件下,利用补充光照控制光周期可以实现酒花(Humulus lupulus L.)的双季生产。在美国佛罗里达州,春季生长季节(春季)为二月至六月,秋季生长季节(秋季)为六月至十一月。为了为这种独特的酒花生产系统开发最佳棚架,我们研究了两种棚架设计(直棚架和V型棚架)和三种棚架高度(3.7米、4.6米和5.5米)对在佛罗里达州中西部种植的'卡斯卡德'酒花的生长、形态、产量和酒花果实质量的影响。直棚架每个山头有两根缠绕线,安装在中间顶端的缆绳上,而V型棚架每个山头有四根缠绕线,安装在两根平行的顶端缆绳上。我们在两个大棚的每座山头上栽培了 16 株葡萄。数据是在种植年收集的:第一年和第二年。产量显示出明显的季节×棚架高度交互效应。令人惊讶的是,第 1 年春季产量最高,随后的季节产量下降了 45-74%。大棚高度从 3.7 米增加到 5.5 米,产量增加了 78-215%。平均而言,V 型棚架比直棚架增产 24%。第 1 年,5.5 米 V 型大棚的年产量最高,为 1807 公斤/公顷。第 1 年春季和第 2 年春季的产量与茎秆干重呈显著正相关,但在任何季节,产量都与每丘茎蔓数、茎秆直径和节间长度无显著相关。锥果质量有明显的季节性变化。从春季到秋季,α酸总浓度在这两年都有所下降,并在第二年春季达到最高值。同样,第 2 年春季的精油总含量最高。除第二年秋季外,总α酸浓度(5.35-8.25%)都在'卡斯卡特'的正常范围之内或之上。与这些季节性变化相比,棚架设计和高度对果实质量的影响相对较小。这些结果表明,在建立年份,采用V型棚架设计和增加棚架高度可以最大限度地提高亚热带酒花的产量,而不会影响酒花的整体质量。正在进行的研究将在成熟的酒花植株中验证这些发现。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Agronomy
European Journal of Agronomy 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
187
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics: crop physiology crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management agroclimatology and modelling plant-soil relationships crop quality and post-harvest physiology farming and cropping systems agroecosystems and the environment crop-weed interactions and management organic farming horticultural crops papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.
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