Balancing inflammation and adverse effects of glucocorticoids in clinical practice

Abstract

Corticosteroids play a vital role in enabling the body to tolerate stressful situations and regulate the inflammatory process. Excessive or persistent inflammation can lead to tissue damage and the development of diseases. Glucocorticoids are crucial in modulating the impact of inflammatory disorders, such as allergies, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis. These disorders can be life-threatening and benefit from glucocorticoid administration. Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids are utilized for the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal function disorders and various inflammatory, immune, and neoplastic conditions. The discovery of glucocorticoids is a testament to the ingenuity and collaboration of researchers. For over 70 years, glucocorticoids have revolutionized medicine and are widely employed in various medical conditions. This article provides a comprehensive review of the critical considerations for the clinical application of glucocorticoids, aiming to strike a balance between their benefits and potential risks. Understanding its history, chemical structure, pharmacology, and mechanisms of action provides the foundation for achieving proper use of this type of medication.