Francisco A. Pérez-González, Javier H. Ramírez-Ramírez, Karen Y. Pineda-Arriaga, Mauro J. Gaona-Martínez, Mario A. Mejía-Martínez, J. Roberto Benavides-Treviño, Nelson F. Garza-Montes-de-Oca, Rafael Colás
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Abstract
Defects identified as bubbles and fissures were found in aluminium components used in internal combustion engines forged from flat extruded bars. Samples exhibiting these features were sectioned and prepared for microstructural characterization using light optical and scanning electron microscopy. The analyses were also conducted in samples that did not have such defects for comparison. The bubbles revealed the presence of oxidation and carbon residues in their interior and a series of cracks that developed from them. The fractured surface of the cracked samples revealed the presence of similar residues. The study was complemented with metallographic observations on samples cut from extruded bars from which the components were forged to identify the origin of the defects in forged pieces. These studies revealed the presence of cracks and voids close to the surface of the extruded bars. Therefore, it was concluded that the bubbles and cracks originated from the lubricant used in forging trapped within the voids and cracks of the extruded bars. The lubricant will volatilize and expand in such a case, causing bubbles and cracks in the forged components. The analyses conducted to the establishment of a quality criterion for acceptance of extruded bars.
期刊介绍：
Engineering Failure Analysis publishes research papers describing the analysis of engineering failures and related studies.
Papers relating to the structure, properties and behaviour of engineering materials are encouraged, particularly those which also involve the detailed application of materials parameters to problems in engineering structures, components and design. In addition to the area of materials engineering, the interacting fields of mechanical, manufacturing, aeronautical, civil, chemical, corrosion and design engineering are considered relevant. Activity should be directed at analysing engineering failures and carrying out research to help reduce the incidences of failures and to extend the operating horizons of engineering materials.
Emphasis is placed on the mechanical properties of materials and their behaviour when influenced by structure, process and environment. Metallic, polymeric, ceramic and natural materials are all included and the application of these materials to real engineering situations should be emphasised. The use of a case-study based approach is also encouraged.
Engineering Failure Analysis provides essential reference material and critical feedback into the design process thereby contributing to the prevention of engineering failures in the future. All submissions will be subject to peer review from leading experts in the field.
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