Effects of nanoparticles on anaerobic, anammox, aerobic, and algal-bacterial granular sludge: A comprehensive review

IF 5.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Biofilm Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI:10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100234
Alfonz Kedves , Zoltán Kónya
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Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) are of significant interest due to their unique properties, such as large surface area and high reactivity, which have facilitated advancements in various fields. However, their increased use raises concerns about environmental impacts, including on wastewater treatment processes. This review examines the effects of different nanoparticles on anaerobic, anammox, aerobic, and algal-bacterial granular sludge used in wastewater treatment. CeO2 and Ag NPs demonstrated adverse effects on aerobic granular sludge (AGS), reducing nutrient removal and cellular function, while anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) and anammox granular sludge (AxGS) showed greater resilience due to their higher extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content. TiO2 NPs had fewer negative effects on algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) than on AGS, as algae played a crucial role in enhancing EPS production and stabilizing the granules. The addition of Fe3O4 NPs significantly enhanced both aerobic and anammox granulation by reducing granulation time, promoting microbial interactions, improving granule stability, and increasing nitrogen removal efficiency, primarily through increased EPS production and enzyme activity. However, Cu and CuO NPs exhibited strong inhibitory effects on aerobic, anammox, and anaerobic systems, affecting EPS structure, cellular integrity, and microbial viability. ZnO NPs demonstrated dose-dependent toxicity, with higher concentrations inducing oxidative stress and reducing performance in AGS and AnGS, whereas AxGS and ABGS were more tolerant due to enhanced EPS production and algae-mediated protection. The existing knowledge gaps and directions for future research on NPs are identified and discussed.
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纳米颗粒对厌氧颗粒污泥、厌氧颗粒污泥、好氧颗粒污泥和藻菌颗粒污泥的影响:综述
纳米粒子(NPs)具有大表面积和高反应活性等独特性质,促进了各个领域的发展,因而备受关注。然而,纳米粒子的使用越来越多,引起了人们对环境影响的担忧,包括对废水处理过程的影响。本综述探讨了不同纳米粒子对用于废水处理的厌氧、厌氧、好氧和藻类细菌颗粒污泥的影响。CeO2 和 Ag NPs 对好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)产生了不利影响,降低了营养物质的去除率和细胞功能,而厌氧颗粒污泥(AnGS)和厌氧颗粒污泥(AxGS)由于胞外聚合物物质(EPS)含量较高,因此表现出更强的适应能力。TiO2 NPs 对藻类-细菌颗粒污泥(ABGS)的负面影响小于对 AGS 的影响,因为藻类在提高 EPS 产量和稳定颗粒污泥方面起着至关重要的作用。添加 Fe3O4 NPs 能显著提高好氧颗粒污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥的处理效果,主要是通过提高 EPS 产量和酶活性来缩短造粒时间、促进微生物相互作用、改善颗粒稳定性和提高脱氮效率。然而,Cu 和 CuO NPs 对好氧、厌氧和厌氧系统有很强的抑制作用,会影响 EPS 结构、细胞完整性和微生物活力。ZnO NPs表现出剂量依赖性毒性,较高浓度会诱发氧化应激并降低AGS和AnGS的性能,而AxGS和ABGS则由于EPS产量增加和藻类介导的保护作用而具有更强的耐受性。本文指出并讨论了现有的知识空白和未来对氮磷钾的研究方向。
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来源期刊
Biofilm
Biofilm MICROBIOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
1.50%
发文量
30
审稿时长
57 days
期刊介绍:
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