Biofilm最新文献 - Book学术

Amino acid starvation and iron limitation facilitate the biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae within urine 氨基酸缺乏和铁限制促进了尿中肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜的形成

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2026.100347

Xinming Pan , Yinchu Zhu , Yan Zhang , Jie Zhao , Xing Gao , Caiying Li , Yong Yu , Jiale Ma

Biofilm formation is a critical virulence mechanism in pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, a Gram-negative, encapsulated bacterium that has emerged as a zoonotic threat capable of infecting both humans and animals. Its biofilm-forming ability is closely associated with catheter-related and urinary tract infections. Given its potential to cross species barriers and cause significant public health concern, elucidating the environmental cues and conserved molecular pathways driving biofilm formation is essential for developing cross-species prevention strategies. Here we found that K. pneumoniae exhibited significantly greater biofilm-forming efficiency in urine than in nutrient-rich medium under comparable biomass conditions. Transposon-insertion sequencing (Tn-seq) identified 19 fitness genes essential for optimal growth in urine, most involved in the de novo biosynthesis of amino acids, particularly arginine, methionine, and isoleucine. Urine represents an amino acid-starved (AAS) environment for K. pneumoniae, modulating c-di-GMP signaling to promote biofilm formation. Eight diguanylate cyclase (DGC, c-di-GMP synthesis) genes, four phosphodiesterase (PDE, c-di-GMP degradation) genes, and four DGC + PDE genes were significantly regulated in response to urine. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis comparing K. pneumoniae grown in urine with that grown in M9 medium revealed significant activation of genes associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis, including those encoding lipopolysaccharides (LPS), capsules, peptidoglycan, and enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). Notably, K. pneumoniae increases EPS biosynthesis under the iron-limited conditions in urine, further promoting biofilm development. In conclusion, AAS-mediated c-di-GMP signaling and iron limitation are key drivers of biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae in urine, providing mechanistic insights that may guide strategies to disrupt biofilm formation.

生物膜形成是肺炎克雷伯菌等病原体的关键毒力机制。肺炎克雷伯菌是一种革兰氏阴性囊化细菌，已成为一种人畜共患威胁，能够感染人类和动物。其生物膜形成能力与导尿管相关感染和尿路感染密切相关。鉴于其可能跨越物种障碍并引起重大的公共卫生问题，阐明驱动生物膜形成的环境线索和保守的分子途径对于制定跨物种预防策略至关重要。在这里，我们发现肺炎克雷伯菌在可比生物量条件下，尿中的生物膜形成效率明显高于富营养培养基。转座子插入测序（Tn-seq）鉴定了19个适合基因，这些基因对尿中的最佳生长至关重要，大多数与氨基酸的从头生物合成有关，特别是精氨酸、蛋氨酸和异亮氨酸。尿代表了肺炎克雷伯菌的氨基酸缺乏（AAS）环境，调节c-di-GMP信号以促进生物膜的形成。8个二胍酸环化酶（DGC， c-二gmp合成）基因、4个磷酸二酯酶（PDE， c-二gmp降解）基因和4个DGC + PDE基因在尿液反应中显著调节。此外，通过转录组学分析，将尿中培养的肺炎克雷伯菌与M9培养基中培养的肺炎克雷伯菌进行比较，发现与外多糖（EPS）生物合成相关的基因显著激活，包括编码脂多糖（LPS）、胶囊、肽聚糖和肠杆菌共同抗原（ECA）的基因。值得注意的是，肺炎克雷伯菌在尿中铁限制条件下增加了EPS的生物合成，进一步促进了生物膜的发育。总之，aas介导的c-di-GMP信号和铁限制是肺炎克雷伯菌在尿液中形成生物膜的关键驱动因素，提供了可能指导破坏生物膜形成策略的机制见解。

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引用次数: 0

Directed evolution of phage Romulus in biofilm-embedded Staphylococcus aureus: mutations in baseplate proteins enhanced its antibiofilm activity 包裹生物膜的金黄色葡萄球菌中噬菌体Romulus的定向进化：基板蛋白的突变增强了其抗生物膜活性

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2026.100345

Claudia Campobasso , Pauline Henderix , Ekaterina Jalomo-Khayrova , Sara Bolognini , Gert Bange , Rob Lavigne , Arianna Tavanti , Jeroen Wagemans , Mariagrazia Di Luca

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilm and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains make staphylococcal infections often chronic and difficult to treat. To face these challenges, alternative or adjunct strategies to antibiotics are urgently required. In this context, phage therapy gained renewed interest as promising approach to target multidrug-resistant bacteria. To enhance their efficacy as natural phages, they can undergo directed evolution via serial host passages. To date, most protocols focus on planktonic cultures, while the effects towards biofilm-targeted evolution remain poorly explored.

Our study aims at investigating the potential of a new directed evolution protocol designed to specifically enhance the efficacy of phage Romulus to target staphylococcal sessile communities and to identify whether specific phage proteins are involved in this process.

The method involved 31 serial passages with a two-step incubation: 1 h for phage adsorption and infection, followed by 8 h for its amplification. Mutant phages were isolated, sequenced, and phenotypically characterised.

Mutations emerged in two baseplate proteins (gp54 and gp58), involved in host adsorption. Three mutants (R31, R31p2, R31p5) showed enhanced bactericidal activity against planktonic cells and improved efficacy against biofilm, achieving up to a 4-log₁₀ reduction. While their host range remained consistent with the wildtype, phage Romulus mutants exhibited higher efficiency of plating against the nine out of 21 sensitive S. aureus strains.

Overall, our results underscore the potential of biofilm-adapted phages to improve phage efficacy towards both planktonic and sessile cells, without impacting on the phage host range. The analysis of mutations suggested that the baseplate plays a crucial role in targeting biofilm-embedded cells, even if further investigation is necessary to explain the molecular basis responsible for the enhanced lytic efficacy.

金黄色葡萄球菌形成生物膜的能力和多重耐药菌株的出现使葡萄球菌感染往往是慢性的，难以治疗。为了应对这些挑战，迫切需要抗生素的替代或辅助策略。在这种背景下，噬菌体治疗作为一种有希望的靶向多药耐药细菌的方法重新引起了人们的兴趣。为了提高它们作为天然噬菌体的功效，它们可以通过一系列宿主传代进行定向进化。迄今为止，大多数方案都集中在浮游生物培养上，而对生物膜靶向进化的影响仍未得到充分探索。我们的研究旨在研究一种新的定向进化方案的潜力，该方案旨在特异性地增强噬菌体Romulus靶向葡萄球菌无根群落的功效，并确定特异性噬菌体蛋白是否参与这一过程。该方法包括31个连续传代，两步孵育：1 h用于噬菌体吸附和感染，8 h用于噬菌体扩增。突变噬菌体被分离、测序和表型表征。两个参与宿主吸附的基板蛋白（gp54和gp58）发生突变。三个突变体（R31, R31p2, R31p5）对浮游细胞的杀菌活性增强，对生物膜的杀菌效果提高，达到4-log10。虽然它们的宿主范围与野生型保持一致，但噬菌体Romulus突变体对21株敏感金黄色葡萄球菌中的9株表现出更高的镀膜效率。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调了生物膜适应噬菌体在不影响噬菌体宿主范围的情况下，提高对浮游细胞和无根细胞的噬菌体功效的潜力。突变分析表明，基板在靶向生物膜包埋细胞中起着至关重要的作用，即使需要进一步的研究来解释导致裂解效率增强的分子基础。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of biofilm-associated genes in Arcobacter butzleri 巴氏弧菌生物膜相关基因的鉴定

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2026.100344

Adrián Salazar-Sánchez , Jean-Marc Ghigo , Ilargi Martínez-Ballesteros , Irati Martinez-Malaxetxebarria

Arcobacter butzleri is an emerging zoonotic and foodborne pathogen isolated from human diarrhoeal samples and environmental sources. Despite its increasing clinical relevance, functional studies in this species have been limited by the lack of effective genetic tools. In this study, we report the first successful application of random transposon mutagenesis using the EZ-Tn5 transposome system in three A. butzleri strains. Transformation efficiency was found to be strain-dependent, with only one strain (P8) yielding enough mutants for phenotypic screening. A total of 56 mutants were characterised with 29 different disrupted genes, all exhibiting significantly reduced biofilm formation, and ten strains showing reduced or abolished motility. Furthermore, the phenotype of some mutants was also associated with lactate metabolism, methionine auxotrophy, cold sensibility and resistance to several antimicrobials. The identification of multiple independent insertions at identical nucleotide positions suggests possible insertional hotspots, although no conserved sequence motifs were identified. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the gene functions associated with biofilm formation and other phenotypes in A. butzleri. This work not only represents a significant technical advancement for the genetic manipulation of this bacterium species but also establishes a foundation for future functional genomics studies aimed at elucidating the pathogenicity and environmental adaptability of A. butzleri.

布氏弧菌是从人类腹泻样本和环境来源中分离出来的一种新出现的人畜共患和食源性病原体。尽管其临床相关性越来越高，但由于缺乏有效的遗传工具，该物种的功能研究受到限制。在这项研究中，我们首次成功地利用EZ-Tn5转座子系统对3株布氏单胞杆菌进行了随机转座子诱变。发现转化效率是菌株依赖的，只有一个菌株（P8）产生足够的突变体进行表型筛选。共有56个突变体具有29种不同的破坏基因，所有突变体都表现出生物膜形成显著减少，10个菌株表现出运动性降低或消失。此外，一些突变体的表型还与乳酸代谢、蛋氨酸营养不良、冷敏感性和对几种抗菌素的抗性有关。在相同的核苷酸位置发现了多个独立的插入，尽管没有发现保守的序列基序，但这表明可能存在插入热点。总的来说，我们的发现提供了新的见解，基因功能相关的生物膜的形成和其他表型在牛毛霉。这项工作不仅代表了该细菌物种遗传操作的重大技术进步，而且为未来旨在阐明布氏单胞杆菌致病性和环境适应性的功能基因组学研究奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental evolution in the cystic fibrosis chemical environment reveals early TCA cycle flux as a central regulator of Mycobacterium abscessus biofilm formation 囊性纤维化化学环境的实验进化揭示了早期TCA循环通量是脓肿分枝杆菌生物膜形成的中心调节剂

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100343

Yu-Hao Wang , Isabelle D'Amico , Jocelyn Whalen , Steven J. Mullett , Stacy L. Gelhaus , Vaughn S. Cooper , Catherine R. Armbruster , William H. DePas

Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe, recalcitrant pulmonary infections in susceptible groups, including people with cystic fibrosis (CF). MAB forms biofilms during human infection and in environmental reservoirs such as household plumbing systems, and biofilm formation renders MAB more drug tolerant. However, our limited understanding of the regulatory systems governing mycobacterial biofilm formation undercuts our ability to disperse MAB biofilms and potentially increase treatment efficacy. Using experimental evolution, we demonstrate that selective pressure from synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum medium (SCFM1) drives the emergence of evolved MAB lineages that more readily aggregate in different environmental conditions. Whole-genome sequencing identified mutations in genes coding for two putative IclR family transcriptional regulators, which we named MraA and MraB, as responsible for the increase in aggregation. Using RNA-seq, we revealed that MraA and MraB share a regulon composed largely of genes involved in the early tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glutamate metabolism. Targeted metabolomic analysis confirmed that both mutants had increased levels of TCA cycle intermediates citrate/isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate (AKG), suggesting that in WT both MraA and MraB suppress flux through those metabolites. We found we could increase both citrate/isocitrate and AKG pools in WT MAB by supplementing SCFM1 with acetate, thereby increasing biofilm formation without increasing expression of the MraA/B regulon and demonstrating a specific causal relationship between those metabolites and biofilm formation. Finally, we show that acetate-induced, agar-suspended biofilms confer antibiotic tolerance. Altogether, we demonstrate how MAB carbon flux can be redirected by selective pressures in a CF sputum-like chemical environment to increase biofilm formation and drug tolerance. We propose a model in which MraA and MraB control flux of citrate/isocitrate/AKG and thereby feed into a metabolism-based biofilm regulatory system in MAB.

脓肿分枝杆菌（MAB）是一种新兴的机会性病原体，可在易感人群（包括囊性纤维化（CF）患者）中引起严重的难治性肺部感染。单克隆抗体在人类感染期间和家庭管道系统等环境储存库中形成生物膜，生物膜的形成使单克隆抗体更耐药。然而，我们对控制分枝杆菌生物膜形成的调控系统的有限理解削弱了我们分散MAB生物膜和潜在提高治疗效果的能力。通过实验进化，我们证明了来自合成囊性纤维化痰培养基（SCFM1）的选择压力驱动了进化的MAB谱系的出现，这些谱系更容易在不同的环境条件下聚集。全基因组测序发现了两个可能的IclR家族转录调节因子的基因编码突变，我们将其命名为MraA和MraB，这是导致聚集增加的原因。利用RNA-seq，我们发现MraA和MraB共享一个主要由参与早期三羧酸（TCA）循环和谷氨酸代谢的基因组成的调控子。靶向代谢组学分析证实，这两个突变体都增加了TCA循环中间产物柠檬酸/异柠檬酸和α-酮戊二酸（AKG）的水平，这表明在WT中，MraA和MraB都抑制了通过这些代谢物的通量。我们发现，通过在SCFM1中添加乙酸，我们可以增加WT MAB中的柠檬酸/异柠檬酸和AKG库，从而增加生物膜的形成，而不增加MraA/B调控子的表达，并证明这些代谢物与生物膜形成之间存在特定的因果关系。最后，我们表明醋酸盐诱导的琼脂悬浮生物膜赋予抗生素耐受性。总之，我们证明了MAB碳通量如何在CF样痰化学环境中通过选择压力重定向，以增加生物膜的形成和药物耐受性。我们提出了一个模型，其中MraA和MraB控制柠檬酸盐/异柠檬酸盐/AKG的通量，从而进入MAB中基于代谢的生物膜调节系统。

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引用次数: 0

Staphylococcal persistence and biofilm resistance in bone-anchored hearing systems: Clinical impact 骨锚定听力系统中葡萄球菌持久性和生物膜耐药性：临床影响

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100342

Marsel Ganeyev , Liliana Morales-Laverde , Maria Hoffman , Malou Hultcrantz , Anders Palmquist , Peter Thomsen , Martin L. Johansson , Margarita Trobos

Persistent inflammation and infection, often linked to staphylococcal colonization, affect bone-anchored hearing system (BAHS) outcomes. Although antibiotics are often used to treat skin complications, the roles of biofilms and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical success remain unclear. This clinical prospective study characterized biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus spp. from BAHS patients, and examined associations with inflammation, pain, and hygiene. Adults eligible for BAHS were prospectively enrolled at a tertiary university hospital in Sweden during 2014–2015. Fifteen patients were followed clinically and microbiologically at surgery, 3- and 12- months. Abutment, peri-abutment exudate and soft-tissue samples were cultured. Fifty-seven Staphylococcus spp. isolates underwent biofilm phenotyping (Crystal Violet, Congo Red), antimicrobial susceptibility testing (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC], minimum biofilm eradication concentration [MBEC]) and whole-genome sequencing (lineage, AMR and virulence genes). Clinical status was scored (Holgers, pain, debris). Individual patients harbored the same staphylococcal clone on abutment, exudate, and tissue for 12 months. S. aureus was more prevalent in patients with inflammation (Holgers score >0), S. epidermidis correlated with pain, and slime production was associated with debris accumulation. Overall, 56 % of isolates showed resistance to fusidic acid, and 11–34 % carried tetracycline resistance genes. S. epidermidis carried multidrug resistance genes (beta-lactams, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin), and resistance increased under biofilm conditions (MBEC > MIC). The ica operon was detected in all S. aureus and S. epidermidis ST7, ST297, ST749 and ST278. These findings indicate that staphylococci from BAHS exhibit persistent colonization, diverse clonal lineages, and high biofilm-associated AMR. Early microbial diagnostics and biofilm-targeted strategies, alongside cautious use of topical antibiotics, may improve outcomes.

持续的炎症和感染，通常与葡萄球菌定植有关，影响骨锚定听力系统（BAHS）的结果。虽然抗生素经常用于治疗皮肤并发症，但生物膜和抗菌素耐药性（AMR）在临床成功中的作用尚不清楚。这项临床前瞻性研究表征了BAHS患者葡萄球菌的生物膜形成和抗生素耐药性，并研究了与炎症、疼痛和卫生的关系。符合BAHS条件的成年人于2014-2015年在瑞典的一家三级大学医院前瞻性登记入组。15例患者在手术3个月和12个月时进行临床和微生物学随访。培养基牙、基牙周围渗出液及软组织标本。对57株葡萄球菌进行生物膜表型分析（结晶紫、刚果红）、药敏试验（最低抑菌浓度[MIC]、最低生物膜根除浓度[MBEC]）和全基因组测序（谱系、抗菌素耐药性和毒力基因）。对临床状况进行评分（充血、疼痛、碎片）。个别患者在基牙、渗出液和组织中携带相同的葡萄球菌克隆达12个月。金黄色葡萄球菌在炎症患者中更为普遍（Holgers评分>；0），表皮葡萄球菌与疼痛相关，粘液产生与碎屑堆积相关。总体而言，56%的分离株对夫西地酸耐药，11 - 34%的分离株携带四环素耐药基因。表皮葡萄球菌携带多重耐药基因（β -内酰胺类、四环素类、磺胺甲恶唑类、磷霉素类），在生物膜条件下耐药增加（MBEC >； MIC）。所有金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌ST7、ST297、ST749和ST278均检测到ica操纵子。这些发现表明，来自BAHS的葡萄球菌具有持久的定植，多样化的克隆谱系和高生物膜相关的AMR。早期微生物诊断和针对生物膜的策略，以及谨慎使用局部抗生素，可能会改善结果。

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引用次数: 0

Inactivation of Cysteine Synthase CysK-A enhances flocculation, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to oxidative stress in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 半胱氨酸合成酶CysK-A的失活增强了巴西氮螺旋菌Sp7的絮凝、生物膜形成和对氧化应激的敏感性

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100335

Job Herrera-Galindo , Clara Andrea Alcantara-Rosales , Oscar Mateo Ojeda Jr. , María Luisa Xiqui-Vázquez , Claudia Mancilla-Simbro , Sandra Reyes-Carmona , Beatriz Eugenia Baca , Alberto Ramírez-Mata

Cysteine biosynthesis is a critical metabolic pathway for bacterial physiology. However, the full impact on the lifestyle of the plant-beneficial bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 is not completely understood. Our previous work identified a cysteine synthase A (CysK-A) as a key enzyme in cysteine synthesis in A. brasilense Sp7, but its inactivation did not lead to cysteine auxotrophy, suggesting functional redundancy in this type of enzyme. Here, we comprehensively characterized an A. brasilense AR cysK-A mutant, revealing a multifaceted phenotype that highlights the indispensable role of CysK-A. The cysK-A mutant exhibited a growth defect that was rescued by genetic and chemical complementation, underscoring the importance of de novo cysteine synthesis for optimal metabolic fitness. Furthermore, the cysK-A mutant displayed a striking hyper-aggregative behavior, characterized by significantly enhanced flocculation, biofilm formation, and exopolysaccharide production. Confocal microscopy revealed an abundance of ovoid, cyst-like cells. This transition toward a sessile lifestyle, induced by cysteine limitation stress, correlated with the intracellular accumulation of cyclic-di-GMP, as determined by a c-di-GMP biosensor assay. Additionally, the cysK-A mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to exogenous hydrogen peroxide stress, a deficiency that was restored by cysK-A complementation. The mutation also led to enhanced adhesion to radish seeds; however, it did not result in statistically significant differences in overall radish seedling colonization after seven days, possibly due to compensatory mechanisms. Collectively, our findings establish CysK-A as crucial for optimal growth, stress tolerance, and the regulation of aggregative behaviors in A. brasilense Sp7, providing insights into the adaptive strategies employed by this important plant-associating bacterium.

半胱氨酸的生物合成是细菌生理的重要代谢途径。然而，对植物有益细菌巴西氮螺旋菌Sp7的生活方式的全面影响尚不完全清楚。我们之前的工作发现了半胱氨酸合成酶a （CysK-A）是巴西螺Sp7中半胱氨酸合成的关键酶，但它的失活不会导致半胱氨酸萎缩，这表明该酶的功能冗余。在这里，我们全面表征了巴西稻属AR cysK-A突变体，揭示了cysK-A的多面表型，突出了cysK-A不可或缺的作用。cysK-A突变体表现出一种生长缺陷，通过遗传和化学互补得以修复，强调了重新合成半胱氨酸对最佳代谢适应性的重要性。此外，cysK-A突变体表现出惊人的超聚集行为，其特点是絮凝、生物膜形成和胞外多糖的产生显著增强。共聚焦显微镜显示大量卵球形、囊状细胞。这种由半胱氨酸限制应激诱导的向固定生活方式的转变与细胞内环二gmp的积累有关，这是由c-二gmp生物传感器测定确定的。此外，cysK-A突变体对外源过氧化氢胁迫的敏感性增加，这一缺陷通过cysK-A互补得以恢复。该突变还导致对萝卜种子的附着力增强；然而，在7天后，萝卜幼苗的总体定植没有统计学上的显著差异，可能是由于补偿机制。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，CysK-A对于巴西芽孢杆菌Sp7的最佳生长、逆境耐受性和聚集行为的调节至关重要，为这种重要的植物相关细菌采用的适应策略提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Functional and comparative genomic characterization of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的功能和比较基因组特征

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100341

Emily Rudolph , Shuxian Li , Broncio Aguilar-Sanjuan , Seungwon Ko , Priyanshu S. Raikwar , Carolin M. Kobras , Serena Bettoni , Samuel K. Sheppard , Maisem Laabei

Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix. In the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, this can enhance resistance to antibiotics and immune responses, contributing significantly to chronic infections associated with medical devices. The underlying mechanisms include the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), encoded by the icaADBC operon, and surface proteins that mediate adhesion. However, it has been challenging to translate in vitro understanding to explain the molecular mechanisms governing biofilm formation in vivo. Here we combined functional and comparative genomics approaches to investigate genetic factors influencing biofilm formation in isolates belonging to the clinically important ST-8 clonal complex (CC8). Phenotypic and genomic screening of a closely related strain cohort (MRSA USA300 isolates) revealed considerable variability in biofilm formation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified several genes and polymorphisms linked to biofilm development. These included known biofilm genes and compensatory mutations that restored wild-type biofilm levels in hyper-biofilm forming mucoid isolates. Finally, contextualizing CC8 genomes within diverse S. aureus populations revealed the natural occurrence of biofilm-associated genomic variation as well as evidence for the conservation of the ica loci in CC8. This offers insight into the mechanisms and microevolutionary events that give rise to clinically relevant staphylococcal infections.

生物膜是包裹在自产细胞外基质中的细菌细胞的结构群落。在病原体金黄色葡萄球菌中，这可以增强对抗生素的耐药性和免疫反应，从而显著导致与医疗器械相关的慢性感染。潜在的机制包括多糖细胞间粘附素（PIA）的产生，由icaADBC操纵子编码，以及介导粘附的表面蛋白。然而，将体外的理解转化为体内生物膜形成的分子机制一直具有挑战性。在这里，我们结合功能基因组学和比较基因组学的方法来研究影响临床重要的ST-8克隆复合体（CC8）分离株生物膜形成的遗传因素。表型和基因组筛选密切相关的菌株队列（MRSA USA300分离株）显示相当大的生物膜形成变异性。全基因组关联研究（GWAS）确定了与生物膜发育相关的几个基因和多态性。这些包括已知的生物膜基因和补偿性突变，这些突变恢复了超生物膜形成粘液分离物的野生型生物膜水平。最后，对不同金黄色葡萄球菌群体的CC8基因组进行背景分析，揭示了生物膜相关基因组变异的自然发生，以及CC8中ica位点保存的证据。这为引起临床相关葡萄球菌感染的机制和微进化事件提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Current knowledge on the polymicrobial interaction and biofilm between Saccharomyces and Lactobacillaceae: regulatory mechanisms and applications 酵母菌和乳酸杆菌科多微生物相互作用和生物膜的最新研究进展：调控机制和应用

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100336

Zhenbo Xu , Mahesh Premarathna , Yaqin Li , Xiaomao Yin , Thanapop Soteyome , Junyan Liu , Gamini Seneviratne

The family Lactobacillaceae plays a crucial role in food fermentation and probiotic applications, and exhibiting metabolic versatility and adaptability to diverse nutrient-rich environments. They are abundant in nutrient-rich environments like fermented food, vegetables, and the vaginal and gastrointestinal tracts of animals, where they metabolize carbohydrates to produce lactic acids. They also produce bioactive compounds and exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Saccharomyces yeasts are also widely applied in food, medicine, and biofuel industries. Some species, such as S. boulardii, are recognized for their probiotic benefits, particularly in promoting gut health and alleviating intestinal disorders. This review focuses on the polymicrobial interactions between Lactobacillaceae and Saccharomyces species, highlighting their synergistic roles in improving fermentation efficiency, product quality, and microbial stability through mechanisms such as biofilm formation, metabolic exchange, and nutrient sharing. We also discuss competitive interactions observed in certain systems, such as sugarcane fermentation, which demonstrate the complexity of microbial ecology and the need for precise microbial management strategies. By synthesizing current research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how microbial interactions influence fermentation outcomes, and to identify existing knowledge gaps and future directions for optimizing industrial applications.

乳酸杆菌科在食品发酵和益生菌应用中起着至关重要的作用，并表现出代谢的多功能性和对不同营养丰富环境的适应性。它们大量存在于营养丰富的环境中，如发酵食品、蔬菜和动物的阴道和胃肠道，在那里它们代谢碳水化合物产生乳酸。它们还能产生生物活性化合物，并表现出抗炎、抗菌和抗真菌的特性。酵母菌也广泛应用于食品、医药、生物燃料等行业。一些物种，如博氏沙门氏菌，因其益生菌益处而被公认，特别是在促进肠道健康和减轻肠道疾病方面。本文综述了乳酸菌科和酵母菌之间的多微生物相互作用，重点介绍了它们通过生物膜形成、代谢交换和营养物质共享等机制在提高发酵效率、产品质量和微生物稳定性方面的协同作用。我们还讨论了在某些系统中观察到的竞争相互作用，例如甘蔗发酵，这表明了微生物生态的复杂性和精确微生物管理策略的必要性。通过综合目前的研究，本文旨在全面了解微生物相互作用如何影响发酵结果，并确定现有的知识空白和优化工业应用的未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

The Asia-Pacific Biofilms 2024: A global conference on microbial biofilms 亚太生物膜2024：微生物生物膜全球会议

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100322

Zhenbo Xu , Birthe Kjellerup , Chuanwu Xi , Enrico Marsili , Gamini Seneviratne , Guanglei Qiu , Honghua Hu , Luyan Ma , Liang Yang , Yue Qu , Yulong Tan , Yaqin Li , Feifeng Zhong , Junyan Liu

引用次数: 0

EUROBIOFILMS 2024 - From environment and basic science to serious clinical infections - bridging for solutions EUROBIOFILMS 2024 -从环境和基础科学到严重的临床感染-解决方案的桥梁

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Biofilm

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100300

Claus Moser, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Trine Rolighed Thomsen

引用次数: 0