The role of the electricity grid in operation-induced greenhouse gas emissions by a residential building: A multi-year retrospective simulation study

IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114870
A.L. Rouws, R.C.G.M. Loonen, J.L.M. Hensen
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Abstract

In view of the growing shares of renewables in the electricity grid in combination with the electrification of hvac (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) systems in residential buildings, the grid intensity (in terms of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of electric energy) becomes increasingly sensitive to weather conditions, and synchronicity between weather and the grid becomes a more critical aspect in building performance assessment. Using building performance simulation techniques to seek robust building designs requires awareness about the uncertainties in circumstantial factors that affect performance. This 2016 – 2022 retrospective study highlights the effects of using low or high temporal resolution grid emissions intensity data on projected operation-induced carbon dioxide emissions for a terraced dwelling in the Netherlands. Building fabric quality, the occupant profile, and systems configurations (i.e., hvac and photovoltaics) are varied to investigate the effects of the applied grid model resolution. This study shows that ignoring high-resolution grid intensity data is getting increasingly problematic; applying low resolution (annual) instead of high-resolution (15-minute) grid intensity data leads to an increasingly unjustified optimistic assessment both for net and gross emissions (either or not allowing for carbon displacement by feeding locally generated electricity into the grid).
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电网在住宅楼运行引起的温室气体排放中的作用:多年回顾性模拟研究
鉴于可再生能源在电网中的比重不断增加,加上住宅建筑中暖通空调系统的电气化,电网强度(单位电能的二氧化碳排放量)对天气条件越来越敏感,天气与电网之间的同步性在建筑性能评估中变得更加重要。使用建筑性能模拟技术寻求稳健的建筑设计,需要认识到影响性能的环境因素的不确定性。这项 2016 - 2022 年回顾性研究强调了使用低或高时间分辨率网格排放强度数据对荷兰一栋梯田式住宅的运行引起的二氧化碳排放预测的影响。通过改变建筑结构质量、居住者特征和系统配置(如暖通空调和光伏)来研究应用网格模型分辨率的影响。这项研究表明,忽略高分辨率电网强度数据的问题越来越严重;采用低分辨率(年度)而非高分辨率(15 分钟)电网强度数据,会导致对净排放量和总排放量的评估越来越不合理和乐观(或者不考虑通过将本地产生的电力输入电网而产生的碳排放)。
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来源期刊
Energy and Buildings
Energy and Buildings 工程技术-工程:土木
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
11.90%
发文量
863
审稿时长
38 days
期刊介绍: An international journal devoted to investigations of energy use and efficiency in buildings Energy and Buildings is an international journal publishing articles with explicit links to energy use in buildings. The aim is to present new research results, and new proven practice aimed at reducing the energy needs of a building and improving indoor environment quality.
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