Disentangling gender, sex, and biology: a mixed methods study of gender identity data collection tools

IF 2.9 2区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Patient Education and Counseling Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.pec.2024.108473

Ash B. Alpert , Tresne Hernandez , Roman Ruddick , Charlie Manzano , Spencer Adams , Lex Rivers , Alixida Ramos-Pibernus , Jae Sevelius , Tonia Poteat , Juno Obedin-Maliver , Ethan C. Cicero , Asa Radix , Elle Lett , Don Operario , Ben Chapman , Marsha Wittink , AnaPaula Cupertino , Gabriel R. Murchison , Marcella Nunez-Smith , Francisco Cartujano-Barrera

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Abstract

Objectives

We used community-based mixed methods to test whether transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people preferred gender identity questions developed by community members over current questions in use and generate hypotheses about data collection preferences.

Methods

We interviewed twenty TGD adults in English and Spanish, asking them to rate and discuss their responses to questions. We analyzed quantitative data with descriptive statistics and qualitative data with template analysis, then integrated them.

Results

More participants preferred gender identity questions that were currently in use. Themes: 1) TGD participants find questions about “gender” and related terminology unclear because of conflations of sex, gender, and other constructs. 2) TGD participants resist cisgenderism in questions about gender identity. 3) TGD people desire questions that allow for autonomy, privacy, and safety. 4) Contextual factors, particularly safety, influence whether and how TGD people answer questions about gender and sex.

Conclusions

TGD people have varied concepts of sex and gender and preferences about data collection. Future research should investigate the impacts of disentangling gender, sex, and biological factors, which could decrease stigma for TGD people.

Practice implications

Medical care that disentangles gender, sex, and biological factors could improve data collection effectiveness and the safety of TGD people.

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区分性别、性和生物学：性别认同数据收集工具的混合方法研究

目标我们采用基于社区的混合方法，测试变性者和性别多元化者（TGD）是否更喜欢由社区成员开发的性别认同问题，而不是目前使用的问题，并就数据收集偏好提出假设。方法我们用英语和西班牙语采访了 20 名变性者和性别多元化者成年人，请他们对问题的回答进行评分和讨论。我们通过描述性统计对定量数据进行了分析，并通过模板分析对定性数据进行了分析，然后对它们进行了整合。结果更多的参与者偏好目前使用的性别认同问题。主题：1）TGD 参与者认为有关 "性别 "和相关术语的问题不清楚，因为性、性别和其他概念混为一谈。2) TGD 参与者抵制在有关性别认同的问题中使用顺式性别主义。3) TGD 参与者希望在问题中考虑到自主性、隐私性和安全性。4) 情境因素，尤其是安全因素，会影响 TGD 人是否以及如何回答有关性别和性的问题。未来的研究应调查将性别、性和生理因素分离开来的影响，这可以减少对 TGD 患者的羞辱。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Patient Education and Counseling 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

11.40%

发文量

384

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Patient Education and Counseling is an interdisciplinary, international journal for patient education and health promotion researchers, managers and clinicians. The journal seeks to explore and elucidate the educational, counseling and communication models in health care. Its aim is to provide a forum for fundamental as well as applied research, and to promote the study of organizational issues involved with the delivery of patient education, counseling, health promotion services and training models in improving communication between providers and patients.