Experimental investigation on the application of cold-mist direct evaporative cooling in data centers

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109500

Ruiyong Mao , Hongwei Wu , Chao Li , Zujing Zhang , Xing Liang , Jiri Zhou , Jing Chen

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Abstract

The rapid development of the internet era has driven the construction of numerous data centers worldwide. In hot climate, data centers consume significant energy for cooling. Cold-mist direct evaporative cooling offers a natural cooling solution that can help reduce this energy consumption. This study investigates the temperature and relative humidity changes of natural high-temperature air after being cooled using a cold-mist direct evaporative cooling test bench. The effects of several control factors such as spray angle, spray flow rate, and air speed on the cold-mist direct evaporative cooling performance was systematically examined. The findings revealed that: (1) the optimal spray angle for cold-mist direct evaporative cooling treatment air is 65°; (2) high-temperature air between 27 °C and 37 °C can be cooled to 23.57 °C – 25.58 °C after cold-mist direct evaporative cooling treatment, with relative humidity levels of 67.0 % – 78.8 %, meeting the air supply requirements for data centers; (3) the proposed approach could reduce the data center energy consumption by 14 % – 41 %, while extending the annual natural cooling period by 3.16 % – 20.45 %.

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数据中心冷雾直接蒸发冷却应用实验研究

互联网时代的快速发展推动了全球众多数据中心的建设。在炎热的气候条件下，数据中心需要消耗大量能源进行冷却。冷雾直接蒸发冷却提供了一种自然冷却解决方案，有助于降低能耗。本研究调查了自然高温空气在使用冷雾直接蒸发冷却试验台冷却后的温度和相对湿度变化。系统研究了喷雾角度、喷雾流量和风速等控制因素对冷雾直接蒸发冷却性能的影响。研究结果表明(1) 冷雾直接蒸发冷却处理空气的最佳喷雾角度为 65°；(2) 经过冷雾直接蒸发冷却处理后，27 ℃ 至 37 ℃ 之间的高温空气可冷却至 23.57 ℃ 至 25.58 ℃，相对湿度水平为 67.0 % 至 78.8 %，可满足数据中心的供气要求；(3) 建议的方法可将数据中心的能耗降低 14 % 至 41 %，同时将年自然冷却期延长 3.16 % 至 20.45 %。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.