The potential of fibroblast growth factor-21 and adiponectin as diagnostic biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus: differential levels in response to treatments

IF 2.5 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI:10.1186/s43088-024-00571-0
Madleen Nabeel Al-Qusous, Rami Dwairi, Rasha Mohamed Hussein
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Abstract

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic disease affecting millions each year. Recent studies have suggested novel biomarkers that are linked to DM. This study aimed to measure the levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and adiponectin in the blood of patients with type 2 DM and to assess the variations in their levels in response to the type of treatments. The possible correlations with several biochemical parameters and the diagnostic potential of FGF-21 and adiponectin as biomarkers for DM were also investigated. Eighty subjects were classified into control, Type 2 DM patients who were treated with metformin, Type 2 DM patients who were treated with metformin + oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), and Type 2 DM patients who were treated with insulin + metformin + OHAs.

Results

The metformin + OHAs group and the insulin + metformin + OHAs group had higher levels of FGF-21 when compared to the control group. The metformin + OHAs also had significantly higher adiponectin levels when compared to the control or metformin groups. The serum levels of FGF-21 in the diabetic subjects were negatively correlated with LDL, direct bilirubin, albumin, and insulin levels and positively correlated with the duration of DM. However, the serum levels of adiponectin in the diabetic subjects were negatively correlated with weight while positively correlated with potassium levels. Remarkably, FGF-21 and adiponectin were effective biomarkers for diagnosing DM with a specificity of 100% and 90% and sensitivity of 52.3% and 64.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that FGF-21 and adiponectin play crucial roles in DM diagnosis and prognosis and that their levels change depending on the treatment type.

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成纤维细胞生长因子-21 和脂肪连通素作为 2 型糖尿病诊断生物标志物的潜力:对治疗反应的不同水平
背景糖尿病(DM)是一种全球性流行病,每年影响数百万人。最近的研究提出了与糖尿病相关的新型生物标志物。本研究旨在测量 2 型糖尿病患者血液中成纤维细胞生长因子-21(FGF-21)和脂肪连素的水平,并评估它们的水平随治疗类型而发生的变化。此外,还研究了 FGF-21 和脂肪连蛋白作为 DM 生物标志物与一些生化指标之间可能存在的相关性和诊断潜力。80名受试者被分为对照组、接受二甲双胍治疗的2型DM患者、接受二甲双胍+口服降糖药(OHAs)治疗的2型DM患者和接受胰岛素+二甲双胍+OHAs治疗的2型DM患者。与对照组或二甲双胍组相比,二甲双胍 + OHAs 组的脂肪连蛋白水平也明显较高。糖尿病受试者血清中的 FGF-21 水平与低密度脂蛋白、直接胆红素、白蛋白和胰岛素水平呈负相关,与 DM 持续时间呈正相关。然而,糖尿病受试者血清中的脂肪连蛋白水平与体重呈负相关,而与血钾水平呈正相关。值得注意的是,FGF-21 和脂肪连蛋白是诊断 DM 的有效生物标志物,其特异性分别为 100% 和 90%,灵敏度分别为 52.3% 和 64.5%。
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期刊介绍: Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (BJBAS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal. This journal welcomes submissions of original research, literature reviews, and editorials in its respected fields of fundamental science, applied science (with a particular focus on the fields of applied nanotechnology and biotechnology), medical sciences, pharmaceutical sciences, and engineering. The multidisciplinary aspects of the journal encourage global collaboration between researchers in multiple fields and provide cross-disciplinary dissemination of findings.
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