Magnetic field controlled surface localization of ferromagnetic resonance modes in 3D nanostructures

Abstract

By extending the current understanding and use of magnonics beyond conventional planar systems, we demonstrate the surface localization of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) modes through the design of complex three-dimensional nanostructures. Using micromagnetic simulations, we systematically investigate woodpile-like scaffolds and gyroids — periodic chiral entities characterized by their triple junctions. The study highlights the critical role of demagnetizing fields and exchange energy in determining the FMR responses of 3D nanosystems, especially the strongly asymmetric distribution of the spin-wave mode over the system’s height. Importantly, the top–bottom dynamic switching of the surface mode localization across the structures in response to changes in magnetic field orientation provides a new method for controlling magnetization dynamics. The results demonstrate the critical role of the geometric features in dictating the dynamic magnetic behavior of three-dimensional nanostructures, paving the way for both experimental exploration and practical advances in 3D magnonics.