Radionuclides' Dispersion from Coal-Fired Brick Kilns: Geo-Environmental Processes, Potential Risks and Management.

IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI:10.1007/s00244-024-01096-4
Muhibul Munim, Rahat Khan, Md Kawsaruzzaman, Kamrun Naher, Umma Tamim, Abubakr M Idris, Md Harunor Rashid Khan, Saad Aldawood, Abu Hekmot Mohammad Saadat, Md Ahosan Habib
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Abstract

In order to investigate the distributions and possible dispersion mechanism(s) of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs: 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) from coal-based brick kilns, a systematic set (n = 60) of coal, ash, surface-soil, and subsurface soil samples were analyzed. High-quality analytical data of U, Th and K obtained from HPGe detector and TRIGA Mark-II research reactor-based neutron activation analysis were converted to the corresponding radioactivities. Average (n = 10) radioactivities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40 K in coal samples were 15.6, 16.7, and 145.5 Bq.kg-1, respectively, where only 40 K surpassed the corresponding global mean value. Average (n = 10) radioactivities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40 K in ash samples were 62.7, 88.5, and 521 Bq.kg-1, respectively, where only 226Ra was within the established limit. In soil samples, average (n = 40) activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40 K were 62.7, 95.1, and 641 Bq.kg-1, respectively, which have surpassed the corresponding worldwide mean values. The observed differences in activity levels between soil samples collected near and far from the kilns, as well as between topsoil and subsoil samples, suggest the presence of distinct transport mechanisms for NORMs within the pedosphere. Dispersions of NORMs from the brick kilns to the ambient pedosphere are largely governed by aerodynamic convection and hydrodynamic leaching. These mechanisms are also influenced by geochemical mobility and relative solubility of NORMs, as well as factors such as rainfall patterns and wind-flow direction. Radiological indices invoke long-term carcinogenic-risks, whereas aerodynamic convection of finer particles (coal fly ash) from chimneys can cause significant health hazards to the nearby dwellers. Scientific processes as well as public awareness are essential to mitigate the risks.

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燃煤砖窑的放射性核素扩散:地质环境过程、潜在风险和管理。
为了研究煤基砖窑天然放射性物质(NORMs:226Ra、232Th 和 40K)的分布情况和可能的扩散机制,对一组(n = 60)煤炭、灰烬、表层土壤和地下土壤样品进行了系统分析。通过 HPGe 探测器和基于 TRIGA Mark-II 研究反应堆的中子活化分析获得的铀、 钍和钾的高质量分析数据被转换为相应的放射性活度。煤样中 226Ra、232Th 和 40 K 的平均(n = 10)放射性活度分别为 15.6、16.7 和 145.5 Bq.kg-1,其中只有 40 K 超过了相应的全球平均值。煤灰样本中 226Ra、232Th 和 40 K 的平均放射性活度(n = 10)分别为 62.7、88.5 和 521 Bq.kg-1,其中只有 226Ra 在规定限值之内。在土壤样本中,226Ra、232Th 和 40 K 的平均(n = 40)放射性活度分别为 62.7、95.1 和 641 Bq.kg-1,超过了相应的全球平均值。在距离窑炉较近和较远采集的土壤样本之间以及表层土和底层土样本之间观察到的放射性水平差异表明,存在着不同的土壤圈内核有组织放射性物质迁移机制。砖窑中的有组织放射性核素向周围土壤圈的扩散主要受空气动力对流和流体动力沥滤的支配。这些机制还受到地球化学流动性和 NORM 相对溶解度以及降雨模式和风向等因素的影响。辐射指数会带来长期的致癌风险,而烟囱中较细颗粒(粉煤灰)的空气动力对流则会对附近居民的健康造成严重危害。科学进程和公众意识对于降低风险至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
2.50%
发文量
63
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology provides a place for the publication of timely, detailed, and definitive scientific studies pertaining to the source, transport, fate and / or effects of contaminants in the environment. The journal will consider submissions dealing with new analytical and toxicological techniques that advance our understanding of the source, transport, fate and / or effects of contaminants in the environment. AECT will now consider mini-reviews (where length including references is less than 5,000 words), which highlight case studies, a geographic topic of interest, or a timely subject of debate. AECT will also consider Special Issues on subjects of broad interest. The journal strongly encourages authors to ensure that their submission places a strong emphasis on ecosystem processes; submissions limited to technical aspects of such areas as toxicity testing for single chemicals, wastewater effluent characterization, human occupation exposure, or agricultural phytotoxicity are unlikely to be considered.
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